Distressed Hamlet Essay -- Hamlet Essays

In the novel, juncture, there is a character that suffers from a life of insecurity and uncontrolled events that afflict him as there is nothing he can do to change it. Hamlet is . . . a noble prince who suffers from a corrupt world that is not suitable to his splendid moral nature. He attempts to improve his distressed reality while his past continued to haunt him. He has a best friend, Horatio, who is loyal to him and tries to help him passim the entire play. He is engaged to a lovely woman named Ophelia, which he loses interest with after he deals with his dreadful and upsetting world. He eventually leads her to forge suicide after rejecting her and making her give up on life. Her brother, Laertes, dedicates his life to avenging his family by ending Hamlets life. Hamlet continues down a highroad of misery and despair while spreading the grief he inhibits towards those around him.The story already begins with moral corruption, as the prince of Denmark lays dormant the burden o f his recently deceased person father who has been replaced by his despicable uncle, Claudius, whom he despises the most and marries his mother. He is disgusted throughout the whole wedding and begins to contemplate suicide with the options he had left in his world. He thinks his stepfather as less of a friend than he is a relative. He also loathes his mothers choice to replace his father in the short inwardness of time with the person he hardly feels comfortable with. He is conflicted as he feels they are both incomparable to the father he used to have. The fleck thickens after Hamlet meets his colleague from school, Horatio, to be informed having seen his deceased father. The disturbed prince was baffled by his friends report and was unconvinced,... ...) Laertes also falls revealing that the rapier was poisoned also and that their lives would be no more in less than an hour. He blames Claudius for the entire predicament and proclaims that he is justly slain by his own treacher y. The enraged Hamlet irrepressibly stabs the king, as he forces him to drink the wine that was ironically intended to slay Hamlet. They all die as Horatio is told to remain to tell the tale of everything thats happened. The prince of Fortinbras arrives to visit Claudius as he finds everyone scattered lifeless and takes over the throne of Denmark. And so ends the tragedy of Hamlet, with his world surrounded by conspiracy and betrayal. Works Cited Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark Literature An entree to Reading and Writing. Ed. Edgar V. Roberts. 9th Ed. New York Pearson Longman, 2009. Print

John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men :: Essays Papers

Of Mice and MenIn the novel Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, there was a case by the name of Lennie, a custodytally challenged man. Lennie who had the mind of a three-year-old and the body of a giant was a sweet, outgoing guy. Although Lennie never remembered anything, he al tracks remembered the talking to of his father figure Georges words. One of Lennies most passionate qualities was his applaud for animals the appearance he cared for the touch of soft things made that love eve stronger. In Lennie there was a special, passionate, and forgetful man.Lennie, whose brain didnt develop properly a good deal acted same(p) a small child, yet had the strength of 10 men put together. These characteristics were presented to us by the way he would always ask questions and cultivate around like a young rambunctious kid, although he had the condition to kill animals by simply petting them. Lennie was childlike by the way he portrayed his emotion, like running away and crying when ye lled at. up to now though Lennie never meant any harm to any wizard he had more power than he knew what to do with, when trying to stop the wife from screaming, he snapped her neck without even knowing it. In conclusion Lennie was a strong powerful man, even if at heart he was a simple child.The passion Lennie often showed was that of his love of soft things. Lennie couldnt resist petting and stroking the smooth, lovely beings. Lennie when trying to relieve his desire for nice surfaces, to prove he wasnt crazy utter to the wife No I aint, George says I aint. I like to pet nice things with my fingers, sof things. This was 1 of many statements Lennie used to describe this passion. So after al, Lennie who may have often hurt animals and people, never meant for it to happen, it was just his way of trying to show his true love for the species. Although time and time over again Lennie was told things, that for any other man would be simple to remember, Lennie constantly forgot. I fo rgot, Lennie state softly. I tried not to forget. Honest to god I did, George. This was a close resemble to the constant reply heard most from Lennie. Although there was one thing Lennie always remembered and that was the stories and answers that came from George.John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men Essays PapersOf Mice and MenIn the novel Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, there was a character by the name of Lennie, a mentally challenged man. Lennie who had the mind of a three-year-old and the body of a giant was a sweet, outgoing guy. Although Lennie never remembered anything, he always remembered the words of his father figure Georges words. One of Lennies most passionate qualities was his love for animals the way he cared for the touch of soft things made that love even stronger. In Lennie there was a special, passionate, and forgetful man.Lennie, whose brain didnt develop properly often acted like a small child, yet had the strength of 10 men put together. These characteristics were presented to us by the way he would always ask questions and run around like a young rambunctious kid, although he had the power to kill animals by simply petting them. Lennie was childlike by the way he portrayed his emotion, like running away and crying when yelled at. Even though Lennie never meant any harm to anyone he had more power than he knew what to do with, when trying to stop the wife from screaming, he snapped her neck without even knowing it. In conclusion Lennie was a strong powerful man, even if at heart he was a simple child.The passion Lennie often showed was that of his love of soft things. Lennie couldnt resist petting and stroking the smooth, lovely beings. Lennie when trying to explain his desire for nice surfaces, to prove he wasnt crazy said to the wife No I aint, George says I aint. I like to pet nice things with my fingers, sof things. This was 1 of many statements Lennie used to describe this passion. So after al, Lennie who may have often hurt anima ls and people, never meant for it to happen, it was just his way of trying to show his true love for the species. Although time and time again Lennie was told things, that for any other man would be simple to remember, Lennie constantly forgot. I forgot, Lennie said softly. I tried not to forget. Honest to god I did, George. This was a close resemble to the constant reply heard most from Lennie. Although there was one thing Lennie always remembered and that was the stories and answers that came from George.

The Mormons :: Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

The MormonsMormonism is a way of life that is enforced by parts of the Church of rescuerChrist of latter-day Saints. Over two-thirds of the church services membership is inthe United States. However, members are also located in many other(a) countriesaround the world. Mormons use the Bible, the account book of Mormon, and two other arrests or revelations to Joseph Smith, founder of the church. These other tworevelations are the Doctrine and Covenants and the Pearl of Great Price. TheMormon organization consists of a three member First governance and a twelve manCouncil of Apostles who make up the major policy-making body of the church.Mormonisms founding doctrine was based on the self-reliance that Christianity wascorrupt and that it was necessary to restore the true Christian gospel. TheMormon church sees tho itself as recognized by perfection. Joseph Smith founded thechurch in upstart York in 1830. He said that he had visions of God and otherheavenly beings that told him to establish the restored Christian Church. Hewas directed to some thin metal plates that he translated into what is nowcalled the book of Mormons. This book describes the history, wars, andreligious beliefs of a group of people who migrated from Jerusalem to America.Smith attracted a small group of followers who settled in Kirtland, Ohio, andJackson County, Missouri. Because of persecution, the church moved to northernMissouri, then to Nauvoo, Illinois. The people of Illinois welcomed thepersecuted Mormons, and Smith began to construct a temple and a hotel there. In1843, Smith secretly instituted the practice of plural man and wife among a group ofhis followers. This could be because he himself had 50 wives. The Mormonslived in relative peace until 1844 when a group became mad about Smithspractices. They started a newspaper called the Nauvoo Expositor and attackedhim, accusive him of practicing polygamy. Smith denied this charge but waskilled anyway. Brigham Young took over a s their new leader. In 1852 , polygamywas officially announced at the Mormon conference.Points of make doWhat was so ill-treat with their views?* Belief in the Bible and Book of Mormon== How? The Mormons believe the Bible and The Book of Mormon to be the Word ofGod. However, the Bible states that it is the only Word of God. == Mormonismbelieves that God has a physical body. The Bible contradicts this belief* Belief in Polygamy== Teach that Jesus Christ himself is a polygamist.* Mormonism and Blacks== Mormonism teaches that African Americans have gruesome skin because they arecursed by God, and are an inferior race.The Mormons Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints The MormonsMormonism is a way of life that is practiced by members of the Church of JesusChrist of Latter-day Saints. Over two-thirds of the churchs membership is inthe United States. However, members are also located in many other countriesaround the world. Mormons use the Bible, the Book of Mormon, and two oth erbooks or revelations to Joseph Smith, founder of the church. These other tworevelations are the Doctrine and Covenants and the Pearl of Great Price. TheMormon organization consists of a three member First Presidency and a twelve manCouncil of Apostles who make up the major policy-making body of the church.Mormonisms founding doctrine was based on the assumption that Christianity wascorrupt and that it was necessary to restore the true Christian gospel. TheMormon church sees only itself as recognized by God. Joseph Smith founded thechurch in New York in 1830. He said that he had visions of God and otherheavenly beings that told him to establish the restored Christian Church. Hewas directed to some thin metal plates that he translated into what is nowcalled the book of Mormons. This book describes the history, wars, andreligious beliefs of a group of people who migrated from Jerusalem to America.Smith attracted a small group of followers who settled in Kirtland, Ohio, andJackson Cou nty, Missouri. Because of persecution, the church moved to northernMissouri, then to Nauvoo, Illinois. The people of Illinois welcomed thepersecuted Mormons, and Smith began to construct a temple and a hotel there. In1843, Smith secretly instituted the practice of plural marriage among a group ofhis followers. This could be because he himself had 50 wives. The Mormonslived in relative peace until 1844 when a group became mad about Smithspractices. They started a newspaper called the Nauvoo Expositor and attackedhim, accusing him of practicing polygamy. Smith denied this charge but waskilled anyway. Brigham Young took over as their new leader. In 1852 , polygamywas officially announced at the Mormon conference.Points of DebateWhat was so wrong with their views?* Belief in the Bible and Book of Mormon== How? The Mormons believe the Bible and The Book of Mormon to be the Word ofGod. However, the Bible states that it is the only Word of God. == Mormonismbelieves that God has a physical body. The Bible contradicts this belief* Belief in Polygamy== Teach that Jesus Christ himself is a polygamist.* Mormonism and Blacks== Mormonism teaches that African Americans have dark skin because they arecursed by God, and are an inferior race.

Comparing the Nazis and the Party of George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Fo

Similarities between Nazis and the Party of 1984 The government of Nazi Germany greatly resembled the Party, the government in 1984. Both operated sympatheticly and had similar aims. Anything either government did was an action for maintaining power. Both the Nazis and the Party maintained similar ideologies, controlled mass media, educated children in their beliefs, had a secret police force, and had forced roil camps. Both governments used each of these methods maintain power and control over the people. Nazis and the Party had genuinely similar ideologies. Although Nazis eliminated people because of their religion (Sauer 683) and the Party eliminated people because of their anti-Party feelings (Orwell 187), they some(prenominal) tried to eliminate anyone who did non agree with them. This practice was essential for controlling the masses and holding on to power. Retaining power is much easier for a government when the holy population that government rules agrees with its phi losophies. No one would attempt to remove the current government from power if he or she agreed with that government. Control of the media was another very effective means of controlling a population. The Nazis established a ministry of propaganda on March 13, 1933 (Sauer 678). This office controlled all media, such as books, newspapers, and films (Modern World account statement Nazi Germany). The Ministry of Truth was an essential factor in perpetuating the beliefs of the Party and did the same as the Nazis propaganda ministry (Orwell 39). By controlling any and all mass media, both governments more easily controlled the ideas of the people. If someone were never exposed to a certain idea or belief by the media, most likely he or she would not imagine that idea on h... ...Times 20 October 2001 Overseas News 21. Modern World History Nazi Germany. British Broadcasting Corporation. 27 November 2001 < http//www.bbc.co.uk/education/ novel/nazi/nazihtm.htm >. Orwell, George. 1984. New York, New York Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1949. Sauer, Wolfgang. Germany. Encyclopedia Americana. 2001. OUTLINE The government of Nazi Germany greatly resembled the Party, the government in 1984, as both were very power-hungry governments. I. placement of government A. A. Nazi and Party ideology B. B. Propaganda and control of media II. Children A. Education of children B. Youth organizations III. Prisoners and concentration camps A. The Gestapo and the Thought Police B. Disappearance and re-education of people C. Concentration and extermination camps

A Painful Lesson in Staying Calm :: Personal Narrative Writing

A Painful Lesson in Staying CalmOh boy, was I ever furious I was cursing up a storm Damn evening gown Where the hell did it think it was going? Who the hell ever let me lease how to golf? They obviously were one damn stupid bastard to think I could ever golf I briskly stormed away from the tee-box, enraged that my ball was completely out of control as it had flown through the air a few minutes earlier. Just go damnit Hit your fricken ball I sounded standardised a small pathetic child yelling at her mother because she had not gotten her way in an argument as I screamed angrily at my brother who was now standing on the tee-box ready to send his ball to the ends of the earth.As I turned around to begin the journey towards my hopeless shot, no matter the obvious mistake I was making, it hit me. The pressure from the sudden unexpected impact on the tip of my left elbow shot through my finished body quickly and inconveniencefully. The pain shot from my elbow, through my ar m, down through my legs, then back up to my other arm, and finally to my head. The pain was strong and sharp. It felt as though I had fallen on an electric cattle fence, and it had given me one strong electrical shock that overtook my whole body with pain for a split second. In that split second I saw the world a poor differently. I felt as though I had been shot. My mind paused and took a photograph of the view in front of me. I was only able to take one quick vivid photograph in my mind though because it all happened so quickly. The shimmering green stinker was blinding my eyes as the strong rays of sunlight beamed down upon the fairway. There was a little gully about fifteen feet from me where there was tall grass that looked like pieces of green and brown string sticking out of the ground. A little patch of grass was missing by the gully to reveal a small sparkling creek that flowed rapidly. There was no wind to blow the strings, so they sat there motionless. I saw the bright green leaves of the trees that were almost completely surrounding me.

A Painful Lesson in Staying Calm :: Personal Narrative Writing

A Painful Lesson in Staying CalmOh boy, was I always furious I was cursing up a storm Damn thump Where the hell did it think it was going? Who the hell ever let me reckon how to golf? They obviously were one damn stupid bastard to think I could ever golf I briskly stormed away from the tee-box, enraged that my ball was completely out of control as it had flown through the air a few minutes earlier. Just go damnit Hit your fricken ball I sounded deal a small pathetic child yelling at her mother because she had not gotten her way in an argument as I screamed angrily at my brother who was now standing on the tee-box ready to send his ball to the ends of the earth.As I turned around to begin the journey towards my hopeless shot, no matter the obvious mistake I was making, it hit me. The pressure from the sudden unexpected impact on the tip of my left elbow shot through my sinless body quickly and painfully. The pain shot from my elbow, through my arm, down through my legs, then back up to my other arm, and finally to my head. The pain was strong and sharp. It tangle as though I had fallen on an electric cattle fence, and it had given me one strong electrical shock that overtook my whole body with pain for a split second. In that split second I saw the world a olive-sized differently. I felt as though I had been shot. My mind paused and took a photograph of the view in front of me. I was only able to take one quick vivid photograph in my mind though because it all happened so quickly. The shimmering green shutout was blinding my eyes as the strong rays of sunlight beamed down upon the fairway. There was a little gully about fifteen feet from me where there was tall grass that looked like pieces of green and brown string sticking out of the ground. A little patch of grass was missing by the gully to reveal a small sparkling creek that flowed rapidly. There was no wind to blow the strings, so they sat there motionless. I saw the bright gre en leaves of the trees that were almost completely surrounding me.

Political Economy in Post-1949 China Essay

Social Science Approach to the Study of semipolitical Economy in Post-1949 chinaIn outrank to understand the political economy of china in post 1949, The bang-up Leap Forward, this essay will discuss three key points. It will counterbalance with examining the theories and theorys. Then it will evaluate the writings and online resources from Western and Chinese (translated) sources. And lastly, it will look at the occupations of research methodology.Theories and ConceptsTheories and concepts somewhat the political economy of China later the 1949 revolution revolve around who will take control of the Chinese Government and solve the economic problems of the country. Chinese leaderships, which is consisted by monoamine oxidase Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoqi, subgenus Chen Yun, and Chu Teh, consolidated power quickly moved apparently to gain the confidence of Chinese population. In order to resolve the economic problems, especially food shortage and high food prices, they need to reestablish the social relationships in the countryside to gain their support and produce larger quantities of agricultural products. Here enters a sweet concept the restructuring of and implementations policies. 1The spectacular Leap Forward was a new go about that was believed by the Chinese leaders to concurrently grow modern and traditional sectors industrialization and agriculture. This new approach did non actually balanced the two sectors rather it only get throughs both of them the importance. More importance was still given to investment but inappropriate in Soviet model, the Great Leap Forward did not concentrate on hardly a(prenominal) lines of investment. Making the investment lines for them was pushing the ceiling upward. On the another(prenominal) hand, agriculture was given an added importance.Under the new approach, labor was the idea to substitute capital. Likewise, another idea was to substitute surplus labor to capital formation. These two ideas were conceptually based on labor absorption and employment generating effects of industrialization. Under the Great Leap Forward, the solution imposed by the Chinese leaders was mental hospital of communes. Communes are the state-feudalism form of solution thought by the leaders. According to Gabriel in 1998, the prevalence of the communist fundamental class process is reflected in communes.This happens because of the main contend that institutions are being created in communes. However, communes were not achieved. Collective appropriate and distribution of the surplus product made within the enterprise by the direct producers was .implied in the process. In effect, the featers had no power to control their collective surplus. Another reflection is that unlike in capitalism, workers are paid according to the number of hours and days they give their service. Therefore, capitalist institutions were not communes.Workers from the boorish settings worked with obligations. The brass was the one made the appointment of the commune focussing. It was during the later period of the Great Leap Forward when all the management is all from the urban. The government is the institution that controls the surplus from the communes. The feudal relationship reflected in this scenario between the government and the workers was the obligation of the workers to work in communes. The government was reflected as the feudal lord during the approach in the Great Leap Forward.From communism, CPC wanted to transform the country to socialism. Socialism is the social state between communism and capitalism.The exact sum of Socialism was not understood in China. In fact, its meaning had liberty on different interpretations. For instance, the construction of socialism by the Soviet Union center rapid industrialization and strict centralization.On the other hand, leader monoamine oxidase Zedong viewed socialism as intellectual foundation of the left-wing of the CPC. The difference on the s pate of monoamine oxidase Zedong on socialism required the wholesale destruction of pre- revolutionary institutions. According to monoamine oxidase, feudal lords and social structure had to be removed. For Mao, new political, cultural, and economic order moldiness be created. In addition, Maos proposal requires new peoples army. Accordingly, the proposal mistakablely requires the jurisdiction of the peoples court that moldiness at all level. Lastly, the association of peasant must be all the way through the countryside and considering the workers, a well established council in industrial enterprises is also needed.The revolutionary transformation proposed by Mao was followed by their government. Lands from feudal lords were taken possession of, and farmers gained more control on their productive capacity. There was also a better market for economic and social exchange.The communist party officials aimed for every Chinese village to have its cadres. This was part of the agenda of t he government to encourage great cooperation among farmers. The party still feared the intervention of foreign countries. In effect of this approach, the central authorities provided eyes and ears within the countryside. Accordingly, the approach the government gave the rural producers available markets for their products. Those policies of the government were essential in achieving the goal of unifying China under a central authority.The land reform significantly reduced hunger and malnutrition in the countryside of China. This was be after the implementation of the revolutionary transformation. There were no significant detrimental impacts of feudal lords after the lands were confiscated. Accordingly, rural farmers were able to put better use of their resources and its generative potential.Through elimination of feudal lands, the excess/surplus output was allowed to be invested. If they were not invested, they were utilise to finance the new social institutions and public good s. Consequently, life and work of rural direct producers were made easier. More so, increase in the living standard due(p) to the revolutionary transformation was delivered and reached many rural direct producers and their families.Incomes of the rural direct producers were improved by the significant improvement of the products they were producing. In general, nourishment, clothing, shelter and health in line with production were achieved by the rural community. In unison to the revolutionary change, the expansion in the role of women in economic and political life was given importance and improvement. The state recognized both labor plan of attack from males and females. For the state, both labors are valued in the national economy of China.In 1953, Mao proposed the Five-Year sparing Plan or the FYEP via the central plan. Under the plan, production quotas were anticipate but no quality standards were required. Consequently, the impact on demand was negative.According to Gabri el, the motivation system created significant waste of inputs, dejected consumers, unhappy wage laborers, and unhappy rural direct producers. 2In addition, the government bureaucrats were unhappy due to the failure of their plan. During the recognition of the failure of the plan, Mao called for a movement. The liberty in expressing unhappiness of the Chinese public was collectively joined through the Hundred Flowers Movement. The second Five-Year Economic Plan or the SFYEP were past taken advantage of Mao and his fraction. books ReviewLike other literature about China, literature about this theme on political economy of post 1949 China were mostly compose by Western people. Thus, it is more on Western perspective. And like any historical data, literature about this topic is mostly descriptive. There are few that are analytical in nature and that could be found in the form essays. And because it is more on descriptions and chronology of the events, it failed to give the deeper ove rview of the essence of the topic in history.Likewise, in that respect are literatures that are either biased or shortened. An example is the article about the Chinese Leader Mao Zedong. Many writers wrote Mao who was accused of deficit Death. One-sided story was delivered and presented in the Chinese public. nevertheless the problems that occurred during 1959 until 1961 were understood by them. The relationship between success and failures were not given. There was improvement in the life of the Chinese public that should be recognized along with socialism.The methodologies of the research conducted in proving Maos accusation of famine death were biased and shortened. Deaths due to natural disasters were accountable on what the people and other research claimed to be Maos failure on implementation of policy. Policy error during the Maos regime was what the common research claimed. According to Ball (2006), millions of lives of Chinese people were saved.3More or less 16.5 Million Chinese people were enter in official Chinese sources. The release was in line with the ideological campaign against the inheriting the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution.The problem and egression on validity of the figures presented were questionable. There is anonymity on how the data were gathered. In addition, data and its preservation also seek for validity. The sources and figures which claimed the statistical count for the death during the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution were released only twenty years after it happened. This figures and sources were obtained from the researches conducted by America, in which, as stated by Joseph Ball in his article, the American researchers increased the figure by 30 million a combination of Chinese evidence with their own speculations from Chinas censuses.4Ball used statistics from Chinas census and was able to gather the true figure. He also used other publications like Jung Chang and Jon Hallidays book. In t heir book Mao the Unknown Story, it was reported there that 38 million deaths from the Great Leap Forward was included in the total of 70 million Chinese people who were killed by Mao during his regime.The controversy regarding the origins of Chinese communism has not been completely resolved but nonetheless ended as the government strengthens the revolutionary struggle. The generation of the specialists who followed and are much more trained as social scientists than historians, faced the challenge of documenting the Chinese communism development which, in many respects, is similar to its Soviet predecessors.5Those who are in contemporary Chinese studies field faced another controversy when the event of Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution which came along with communism perspective needed to be explained. There are renewed interests and disagreements as well which aroused over the continuing importance of indigenous political traditions. This was debated by the scholars who are t rained with the growing field of political science, and attached with the modernization principles. 6There are materials written guided by a whimsical theoretical framework to critique the Marxian theory that shapes the political and economic strategies of the Communist Party of China or CPC. One of the most serious flaws of Chinese literature which attempts to explain the post 1049 China is illiteracy on Marxian theory of most Chinese who study the Chinese civilization, literature and language. There is a failure in the knowledge of the differences between various forms of Marxian theory that have deployed and contested in China. And there are materials which are used in the attempt to make up with these flaws. These materials provide a critique of modernist Marxism in the CPC style, and its rationale for maintaining monopoly control over China. 7Methodology ProblemsThere is indeed a problem in research about this topic. This is due to limited resources that are really reliable to contain facts. And since it is written on descriptive and chronological manner, our analyses are limited to our understanding, our culture and environment.Going back down to the example we gave about Mao, the flaws on the research conducted by the Western focused only on the excesses of the policy during Maos regime. These excesses on the policy were then exaggerated. In addition, the researchers did not grasp a thorough understanding on how some policies were developed and for what purpose. Therefore, the understanding on how Chinese people were benefitted by those policies was not understood and was not accounted in the research the western made.Evidences from the peasants were entirely different from the claim of the researches presented by the western. The statistics of the deaths during Daos regime were supported by the Chinese census. Only a pure and unbiased research can obtain the true figures and conclusion.However, there are scholars who are not Chinese, who take time to study China through observations, living with the Chinese people, interviewing them especially the rural people, and visit different cities and towns. These ways of research and study are useful, although there is also a problem when it comes to language. We know that language is a soul of the countrys culture. There are parts of the language that change in meaning when you translate in other language. In here, the flaw comes on the real meaning of the context.Moreover, there is a continuing effort in many scholars in changing the approach of writing and discussing about the history in general. Their attempts hope to instill critical analysis and more explorations in different context of China.BibliographyBall, Joseph, Did Mao Really annihilate Millions in the Great Leap Forward? A Monthly Review, 23 September 2006, retrieved 5 November 2007, .Cheng, Chu-Yuan, The Economy of Communist China, 1949-1969 With a Bibliography of Selected Materials on Chinese Economic Development, Quest ia Media America Inc., 1971, retrieved 5 November 2007, .Gabriel, Satya J, The Structure of a Post-Revolutionary Economic TransformationThe Chinese Economy from the 1949 Revolution to the Great Leap Forward, Satya Gabriels Online Papers China Essay Series,1998, retrieved 5 Novemebr 2007, .Gabriel, Satya J, Chinese Capitalism and the Modernist Vision, China Essay Series, 2007, retrieved 13 November 2007, .Harding, Harry, Organizing China The Problem of Bureaucracy, 1949-1976, Harry Harding Stanford University Press, 1981, retrieved 5 November 2007, .Joseph, William, A Tragedy of Good Intentions Post-Mao Views of the Great Leap Forward, Modern China, 12 419. SAGE Journals Online and HighWire Press platforms, 1986, retrieved 5 November 2007, .Lee, Hong Yung, The Politics of the Chinese Cultural Revolution, Berekeley Univ. of California Press (1978).Li, Shaomin, Transforming China Economic Reform and Its governmental Implications, China Economic Condition 1949 1976 (2003) 10, retrieved 5 November 2007, .Richman, Barry M, Industrial Society in Communist China ChinaEconomic Conditions1949-1976, Random House, 1969, retrieved 5 November 2007, .Schram, S, The Thought of Mao Tse-Tung. Cambridge Cambridge University Press (1989).The Columbia Encyclopedia, China, Encyclopedia article The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition 52323pgs, 2004, retrieved 5 November 2007, .Perry, Elizabeth J, Introduction Chinese Political Culture Revisited, Popular Protest and Political Culture in Modern China, Second Edition, retrieved 13 November 2007, .1 Gabriel, Satya J, The Structure of a Post-Revolutionary Economic TransformationThe Chinese Economy from the 1949 Revolution to the Great Leap Forward, Satya Gabriels Online Papers China Essay Series,1998, retrieved 5 Novemebr 2007, .2 Gabriel, The Structure of a Post-Revolutionary Economic Transformation The Chinese Economy from the 1949 Revolution to the Great Leap Forward3 Ball, Joseph, Did Mao Really Kill Millions in the Great Leap Forw ard? A Monthly Review, 23 September 2006, retrieved 5 November 2007, .4 Ball, Joseph, Did Mao Really Kill Millions in the Great Leap Forward?5 Perry, Elizabeth J, Introduction Chinese Political Culture Revisited, Popular Protest and Political Culture in Modern China, Second Edition, retrieved 13 November 2007, .6 Perry, Elizabeth J, Introduction Chinese Political Culture Revisited.7 Gabriel, Satya J, Chinese Capitalism and the Modernist Vision, China Essay Series, 2007, retrieved 13 November 2007, .

Jane Goodall

Jane Goodalls research with chimpanzees and gorillas is an example of Naturalistic observation. Here is a list of the key findings if Goodalls life * 1960 Chimpanzees as meat eaters * First recorded instance of toolmaking by non populace * 1964 Planning-Figan showed deliberate planning when he kidnapped baby Flint in order to get his mother Flo and the relaxation behavior of the group to follow him. * Using man-made objects- Mike used empty kerosene cans to intimidate larger males, and become the alpha male. 1966 Polio invaded Gombe and devastated both humans and chimps alike. Chimpanzees can also get AIDS. * 1970 Awe-the chimps spontaneously danced at the sight of a waterfall Jane believes that expression of awe in chimps resembles the emotions that led early humans to religion.* 1974 Warfare-a state of war broke out between the Kasakela males and seven males of a splinter group. This lasted four years the rival group was eradicated, except for a few females. This type of vehemen ce had not been recorded in chimpanzees. 1975 Cannibalism-Passion killed and ate Gilkas infant, and shared the meat with her daughter, Pom. Together they continued eating infants for two years. * Coalitions-Figans status as alpha male was about challenged when his brother Faben disappeared. * Transfer of a female to a different group * 1987 Adoption-Spindle, an adolescent female, adopted baby Mel, after his mother died of pneumonia. * 1994 Consortship-researchers at Gombe scram notice males leading females away from the community and establish short-term monogamous relationships.This is believed to be so the male can ensure that the offspring are theirs. * Technology transfer-Chimps from one community modeled the toolmaking behavior of chimps in another community. * 1995 Twins-Rafiki gave birth to only second set twins recorded at Gombe, Roots and Shoots. * Medicinal plants-chimps have been seen chewing the plant Aspilia, a medicinal plant believed to relieve stomach pains or re duce internal parasites.

Ambulatory Care Essay

Ambulatory health care has definitely been a display case of health care that has benefited a lot of Ameri great deals since it became of existence. There are several(prenominal) health care clinics availcapable in every city that helps the people on a daily basis. Its not as costly as the ER and you can receive just about the same kind of service as if your were going to the Hospital just in a faster time in some cases.There is a need to sometimes get further assistance, meaning that the particular outpatient service was not able to assist the patient to the full and needs some additional help in diagnosing the problem. A visit to the doctors office provides someone with a sense of calmness to be able to have a one on one relationship with their private doctor, as opposed to going to the a large place like the infirmary to see a doctor, any doctor at that.When I think of Ambulatory care I think of a one and done type of scenario, in some cases. The patient is able to see the doct or get a diagnosis and prescription at one time, without the need of visiting several doctors. In most cases, now there are times when the patient would need to visit different specialists for their care. With the upbringing of ambulatory care systems, there is a less need for someone to have to be in the ER waiting for hours unless it is a real emergency and the regular office is closed.

American Idol Case Study

Case Analysis Week 1 American Idol Case Mostafa Morshedi MKT 645 Qualitative Research in Customer Behavior atomic number 20 Intercontinental University Date 11/18/2012 American Idol Case To perform a prefect marketing inquiry, it is needed to identify and define the marketing inquiry difficulty accurately and then develop a proper approach. The American Idol case is a challenging management decision and marketing interrogation problem case, focusing on reasons why to conduct a study on the viewers and voter turnoutrs.In this case study, we review defining the marketing enquiry problem and developing an approach summons, including objective/ theoretical framework, analytical model, research questions, hypothesizes and specification of information needed. Discussion According to the case, the management decision problem confronting Marcello and Litzenberger could be Do we need to conduct a study investigating American Idol viewers? (Malhotra, 2010, p. 780). The corresponding ma rketing research problem would be to determine who watched and voted in the 2009 season of American Idol and to determine how durable the shows concept is (Malhotra, 2010, p. 81). In fact, they should conduct the study in order to understand what argon viewers and voters demographic ground on age and sex. The studys out coming is worthwhile for sponsors like Coca Cola and Ford who invested millions on the show, or who are interested to invest in future. market research problem specific components are defined as * What is the age demographic of American Idols watcher and voters? * How effective is the sponsors ads in the show? * How durable is the shows concept? * How sponsors could motivate voters?The theoretical framework for the study is establish on statistics, normal distribution function with 95% certainty (Malhotra, 2010, p. 781). As we are seeking for the age demographic of show viewers and voters, it is rational to purpose graphical model as it provides a visual picture o f the relationship between variables (Malhotra, 2010, p. 51). Research questions and relevant hypothesizes to above explanations could be counted as * Do teenagers vote more than adults do? * H1 teenagers are majority voters. * H2 Adults vote more than teenagers do. * Are women interested to vote more than men do? H3 women are tough fans and hence vote more than men do. * H4 Men vote more than women do. * How many of show watchers vote? * H5 More than 90% of watchers vote. * H6 70 to 90% of watchers vote. * H7 75% to 70% of watchers vote. * H8 Less than 50% of watchers vote. * Do voters and viewer remember about the sponsor? * H9 all remember who the sponsor was. * H10 They hardly know about the sponsor. So based on above components, analytical model, research questions, and hypothesis we can determine the specification of information needed. * The age demographic of show viewers * The age demographic of voters Sex of show viewers * Sex of voters * Participation percentage in votin g * Sponsorship effectiveness and durability * The main reasons of voting/not voting remnant Key concepts of a marketing research problem is first determine management decision problems, and then defining a broad marketing research problem, which in turn should be narrowed down by specific components. These specific components guide researchers to define an approach to the problem, find relevant objective/theoretical framework and choose among analytical models (verbal, graphical and mathematical) the one best match to the research objectives.Research questions are dragged out of marketing search problem approach. Hypothesizes are rephrased research questions that guide decision makers on the problem and will be approved or denied after the research is done. The main important concept is that all the process should be integrated and focused to provide the best accurate answer to the management decision and marketing research problems, specifically in huge projects. References Malho tra, N. K. (2010). Marketing Research An Applied Orientation, 6/E. Boston, MA, USA Prentice Hall.

Historical chronology Essay

1. Although New England and the Chesapeake region were some(prenominal) settled largely by people of English origin, by 1700 the regions had evolved into two distinct societies. Why did this difference in development occur? (1993) 2. In what ways did ideas and values held by Puritans determine the political, economic, and social development of the New England colonies from 1630 through the 1660s? (2010) 3. In what ways did the French and Indian War (1754-63) alter the political, economic and ideological relations between Britain and its American colonies? (2004) 4. To what design had the colonists developed a sense of their own identity and unity as Americans by the eve of the Revolution? (1999) 5. To what extent did the American Revolution essentially change American society? In your answer be sure to address the political, social and economic effects of the Revolution from 1775 to 1800. (2005)6. From 1775 to 1830, many African Americans gained independence from slavery, yet du ring the same completion the institution of slavery expanded. Explain why BOTH of those changes took place. Analyze the ways that BOTH free African Americans and enslaved African Americans responded to the challenges confronting them. (2009) 7. treat the changing ideals of American womanhood between the American Revolution (1770s) and the outbreak of the Civil War. What factors fostered the emergence of republican motherhood and the cult of domesticity? Assess the extent to which these ideals influenced the lives of women during this period. In your answer be sure to consider issues of race and class. (2006) 8. With respect to the federal Constitution, the Jeffersonian Republicans are usually characterized as strict constructionists who were opposed to the broad constructionism of the Federalists. To what extent was this characterization of the two parties accurate during the presidencies of Jefferson and Madison? (1998)9. Reform movements in the United States sought to expand dem ocratic ideals. Assess the validity of this statement with specific compose to the years 1820-1850. (2002) 10 To what extent did the natural environment shape the development of the West beyond the Mississippi and the lives of those who lived and settled there? How important were other factors? (1992) 11. In what ways and to what extent did constitutional and social developments between 1860 and 1877 amount to a revolution? (1996)12. Analyze the ways in which technology, government policy, and economic conditions changed American horticulture in the period 1865-1900. In your answer be sure to evaluate farmers responses to these changes. (2007) 13. How successful was organized labor in improving the position of workers in the period from 1875 to 1900? Analyze the factors that lead to the level of success achieved. ((2000)14. To what extent was late nineteenth-century and early twentieth-century United States expansionism a continuation of past United States expansionism and to what extent was it a going away? (1994) 15. To what extent did economic and political developments as well as assumptions about the nature of women affect the position of American women during the period 1890 1925? (1997) 16. It was the strength of the opposition forces, both liberal and conservative, rather than the ineptitude and stubbornness of President Wilson that led to the Senate defeat of the Treaty of Versailles. Assess the validity. (1991)

Justification Of Location

Lattys Beauty salon testament be located in the town of Cave Valley in the parish of St. Ann. The enterpriser chooses this location for several reasons, these include the availability of land for the entrepreneur to operate business on, the availability of labour, there ar persons searching for such works and this will be of good help to them and also for competition because there is little or no competition thus the business has a advantage to maximize its profits.There are few businesses in the area therefore there is sufficient and suitable space for the business which is affordable. The type of labour needed is both(prenominal) skilled and semi-skilled. This is mainly because the entrepreneur wants to ensure that persons business to the salon is able to work efficiently and effectively. The business will employ a total of septenary (7) persons. Four skilled or semi-skilled hair dressers, three skilled nail technicians and one supervisor.The supervisor will monitor the perform ance of workers to ensure the objectives of the business are met, and motivating workers to stay on the task they are assigned t until the task is accomplished. The reason this type of labour is necessary is to carry out the product process efficiently and is skilled at what they are doing. The supervisor must have at least 2 years experience in supervising a business or a salon at that. 2 CXC and a certificate is required by the nail technicians and the hair dressers should be heart-to-heart of doing the tasks required or a certificate.

American Literature Exam Questions Essay

12. Discuss the characteristic features of the experimental prose in 1960-2000 on chosen examples.Experimental publications refers to written works often novels or magazines that place great emphasis on innovations regarding technique and style.Naked Lunch is a novel by William S. Burroughs, a complete American edition(1962). The defend is structured as a series of loosely-connected vignettes. Burroughs himself stated that the chapters ar intended to be read in any order. The reader follows the narration of junkie William Lee. The direction in which the novel is written the reader to see plainly part of the pictureas much as he wants to see. It often happens that something mentioned in the rule book reappears much later producing thus a series of intratextual relationships and echoes. This idea, relating to different perspectives within a larger picture, is itself a theme which runs throughout this book. The novels cock of taboo fantasies, peculiar creatures and eccentric personalities all serve to unmask mechanisms and processes of control, and have led to much controversy. By decentralizing the plot Burroughs produces a series of interconnected literal caricatures, satires, and parodies throughout the novel.A Pynchon-influenced generation of writers in the 1990s, such as David Foster Wallace, who would combine some of the experimental form-play of the 60s writers with a more emotionally-deflating irony, and a greater tendency towards accessibility and humor. Infinite Jest is a 1996 lengthy and complex work takes place in a semi-parodic future fluctuation of North America. The novel touches on the topics of tennis, substance addiction and recovery programs, depression, child abuse, family relationships, advertising and popular entertainment, film theory, and Quebec separatism. There are frequent references to endnotes throughout the novel. In an interview with Charlie Rose, Wallace characterized their use as a method of disrupting the linearity of the text while maintaining some sense of narrative cohesion. Acronyms are anformer(a) signature blind in Wallaces work and are used frequently within the novel. Wallaces writing voice is a postmodern mixture of high- and low-brow linguistic traits. He juxtaposes, often withina single sentence, colloquialisms and polysyllabic, obscure, or esoteric words.13. On the example of a chosen text by Henry James, enumerate veritable(prenominal) features of psychological reliableism.A psychological novel, also called psychological realism, is a work of prose metaphor which places more than the usual amount of emphasis on interior characterization, and on the motives, circumstances, and internal action which springs from, and develops, external action. The psychological novel can be called a novel of the inner man, so to say. In some cases, the stream of sentience technique, as well as interior monologues, may be employed to better illustrate the inner workings of the human mind at work. Flashbacks may also be featured.The Portrait of a Lady is a novel by Henry James (1881). This is the story of a spirited young American woman, Isabel Archer, who affronts her destiny and finds it overwhelming. She inherits a large amount of money and subsequently becomes the victim of Machiavellian scheming by two American expatriates. It also treats in a profound way the themes of personal freedom, responsibility, betrayal, and sexuality. In this novel James had pushed the analysis of human consciousness and motivation to new levels, particularly in such passages as the famous Chapter 42, where Isabel meditates deep into the night about her marriage and the trap she seems to have fallen into. James made an in-depth account of Isabels deepest terrors in his preface to the bare-ass York Edition of the novel.14. Characterize the genre of curse on the chosen example of American popular literature of 20th and 21st century.The trait of the genre of horror is thatit provokes a response , emotional, psychological or physical within each individual which causes someone to react with fear. in order for that response to be elicited at that place are different techniques used, such as unreal figures (phantoms, mummies, etc.), or more real situations and figures(serial killers, rapists, kidnappers). The main ingredient within horror is that the reader can subsume to it somehow and that theres always something unexpected on its way. The whole horror genre is build up upon peoples fear of the terra incognita and anxieties.Salems Lot is a 1975 horror fictionalisation novel written by Stephen King. Ben Mears, a successful writer who grew up in the townshipsfolk of Jerusalems Lot has returned home because of his wifes death. Ben plans to write a book about the Marsten House, an abandoned mansion that gave him nightmares after a bad experience with it as a child. He unexpectedly finds out that the Marsten House is about to be inhabited by the vampire Kurt Barlow. Over t he production line of the book, the town is slowly taken over by vampires, reducing it to a ghost town by day as they sleep.Finally, Ben and the other man play along in destroying the master vampire Barlow, but, lucky to escape with their lives, are forced to leave the town to the crop of newly created vampires. An epilogue has the two returning to the town a year later, intending to renew the battle. Ben, knowing that there are too many hiding places for the towns vampires, sets some underbrush on incinerate in an attempt to destroy as many homes as possible thus making the vampires easier to hunt.The Shining is a 1977 horror novel by American author Stephen King. Jack Torrance is trying to rebuild his life accepts a job as a winter caretaker at the large, isolated Overlook Hotel in atomic number 27 where he goes with wife Wendy, and son Danny. Dannys clairvoyance (jasnowidztwo) makes him sensitive to supernatural forces. The hotel has a personality in its own right, and acts a s a psychic lens. Danny has premonitions of the hotels danger to his family and begins seeing ghosts and frightening visions from the hotels knightly, but puts up with them in the hope that they are not dangerous in the present.The hotel has difficulty throwing Danny, so it begins to possess Jack. Wendy discovers that they are completely isolated at the Overlook, as Jack has sabotaged the hotels snowmobile and smashed the CB radio in the office. She and Jack battle. Hallorann, working at a winter resort in Florida, hears Dannys psychic call for help and rushes back to the Overlook. The hotel causes Jack to kill himself with the roquemallet. Finally the boiler explodes, destroying the Overlook. The novel ends with Danny and Wendy summering at a resort in Maine where Hallorann, the head chef, is comforting Danny over the loss of his father.15. Characterize the genre of sci-fi and/or cyberpunk on the chosen examples of American popular literature of 20th and 21st century.Science fict ion is a genre of fiction. It differs from fantasy in that, within the context of the story, its imaginary elements are largely possible within scientifically established or scientifically postulated laws of nature. Science fiction is largely based on writing rationally about alternative possibilities. The settings for science fiction are often contrary to known reality, but the majority of science fiction relies on a considerable degree of suspension of disbelief provided by potential scientific explanations to various fictional elements. These may includea setting in the future, in alternative timelines, or in an historical past that contradicts known facts of history or the archaeological record a setting in outer space, on other worlds, or involving aliens stories that involve technology or scientific principles that contradict known laws of nature stories that involve discovery or application of new scientific principles, such as time travel or new technology, such as nanotechn ology, faster-than-light travel or robots, or of new and different political or social systemsEXAMPLESDune is a science fiction novel written by Frank Herbert, published in 1965. Dune is frequently cited as the worlds best-selling science fiction novel. mark in the far future among a feudal interstellar empire where planetary fiefdoms (lenna) are controlled by noble houses that owe an allegiance (lojalno, hod) to the lofty House Corrino, Dune tells the story of young Paul Atreides (the heir apparent to Duke Leto Atreides and the scion of House Atreides) as he and his family accept control of the desert planet Arrakis, the only source of the spice melange, the most important and valuable substance in the universe. The story explores the complex andmulti-layered interactions of politics, religion, ecology, technology, and human emotion, as the forces of the Empire confront each other for control of Arrakis and its spice.Enders Game (1985) is a science fiction novel by American autho r Orson Scott Card. set in Earths future, presents an endangered humankind that have barely survived two conflicts with the Formics (an insectoid alien race also known as the Buggers). in preparation for an anticipated third invasion, an planetary fleet maintains a school to find and train future fleet commanders. The worlds most talented children, including the novels protagonist Ender Wiggin, are taken at a very young age to a training center known as the Battle School. There, teachers train them in the humanities of war through increasingly difficult games including ones undertaken in zero gravity in the Battle Room where Enders tactical genius is revealed.Enders nett exam consists of a scenario where bugger ships outnumber Enders fleet a thousand to one near a planetary mass. Ender orders the use of a supererogatory weapon, the Molecular Disruption Device, against the planet itself, destroying the simulated planet and all ships in orbit. Soon he finds out that all the simula tions were real battles taking place with real fleets, and that he had killed all the queens on their home planet. He is not allowed to return to Earth because his special skills are too dangerous. Ender is made Governor of the prototypal human colony on a Bugger world, and they leave together on the first colony ship.

Huntington Theory †Military Professional Essay

Scholars like Kaplan, Friedman, Huntington and Barnett have postulated various theories on troops service. Samuel P Huntington is one of the scholars who have postulated theories of force service. His possibleness is also referred to as the normal possibility. This paper seeks to show how Huntingtons theory impacts on ones future in force service. Discussion Owen M (2010) gives cite to Samuel Huntington for his role in developing the normal theory.Owen points out that through this theory Huntington endeavored to solve the dilemma of how to tell noncombatant attend of the military while still ensuring the ability of the uniformed military to provide security. Huntington cited in Owen (2010) says the solution to this dilemma lies in a mechanism for creating and maintaining a professional, apolitical military establishment, which he called clinical control. In this regard, Huntington cited in Williams (1995), says the community should have control over the military and host p rofessionals should be denied any(prenominal) of the privileges enjoyed by civilians like political affiliations. Politics is a game of numbers, in my view, this may disadvantage military officers who harbour ambitious of venturing in politics because they are denied involvement in political parties affairs. This impacts negatively on their popularity with the voters.However, there are those candidates such as 2008 republican candidate John McCain who used their experience in the military as a campaign tool to endear themselves to the voters. In my view, professional and experienced military officers make better commander in chief of the armed forces. Additionally, Idsa (2010) concurs with Huntington that one way of achieving civilian control of the military is by ensuring that the funding of the military is left in the hands of the civilian institutions.Idsa points out that civilian institutions should allow the military to advise them on military matters but ultimately the milita ry should only executive director those decisions approved by the civilian institutions. In my view this may endanger the lives of military officers. Due to soaring budgetary needs of a country, military equipment needed in times of war may be sacrificed to meet other needs in another sector of the economy. Huntington theory goes along way in developing responsible and lettered persons.As Idsa (2010) points out military professionals should present their considerations within the appropriate extend of authority and communication. To effectively carry out his/her duties, Huntington as cited in Williams (1995) states that an army officer must be highly expertise, cooperative and responsible in his profession. He meant that an officer must be well knowledgeable in combating violence. Williams (1995) while says that after training the officers should only work with three words duty, honor, country. As a result, Huntington envisaged a military force free of corruption.The officer i s expected to be different from other experienced workers in that money should not play any part enticing one to join the forces. However, the army professional should be well rewarded so as to promote hiring, maintain the officers in the force and climb their morale. Williams (1995) says that Huntington argued that a well skilled army professional should be willing to observe the legal requirements do by citizen organizations recognized by law. In addition, the officers should accept to act as subordinates to individuals as required by legalized community organizations.The military officers are expected to hold a high opinion of their career and should not cause civil unrest or run the government. Since the army professionals are recruited with certain levels of qualification, and by the righteousness that they belong in the same profession and hold same competencies, the officers tend to exhibit cooperativeness. This supports the statement of Huntington as quoted by Williams ( 1995) that the members of a profession share a sense of organic unity and consciousness of themselves as a group apart from laymen. . This attribute is fostered by their common training which take quite a long duration, collective discipline and sharing of their societal tasks (Williams, 1995). Conclusion In view of the above statements, Huntington theory helps in creating and maintaining cordial relations between the civilians and the military officers. A professional force envisaged in this theory will go along in ensuring peaceful co-existence helps fight vices such as corruption and military coups.

Ratan Tata

Strategist Sir rattan palm Tata When Ratan Tata became Group Chairman in 1991 he ushered an era of change. According to him A company or business that remains static will die. A company that constantly changes and accepts that there are bump ways to do things than they are done today is a company that will survive in the global market that we face. He is admired not only for managing the Tata Empire but creating history by making Tata group an MNC by acquiring steel companies like Chorus and legendary automotive brands of the three estates Rover & Jaguar.It was his vision to come up with Tata Nano, affordable car for common man in India, and with Tata mavin in the commercial segment to cater the ever going needs of cargo transport. All this has revolutionized not only the Indian industry but also created niche in global space. He is telephone receiver of Padma Bhusan, Padma Vibhusan , NASSCOM leadership, Carneige Mellon medal of philanthropy, ranked among Worlds most powerful b usinessmen, and conferred honorary citizenship of Singapore etc.His character has distinguishable featuresVery dignified, Ethical, Dependable, Believes in keeping promises, questioning the unquestionable, Risk taker not a speculator, Great Motivator, faithful and believes in making relationships He is an exemplary leader who is a Visionary, Strategist, Initiator/ change champion, Risk taker, expertness and a man of integrity.His leadership is admired by the corporate of almost every generation. In his Leadership Managerial roles, he exhibits role of Figurehead Entrepreneur Resource allocator role Disturbance tutor Besides, he is a philanthropist and has taken many initiatives for society and people.

1949 and the early 1960s in Communist China: Women; Landlords and Businessmen; Peasants Essay

How uttermost did bearing improve for the following groups between 1949 and the early 1960s in commie main get to china Wowork force arrivelords and business community Peasants.The years of 1949-1960 in China were indeed Years of Great Change. Who could have predicted a polite war, a Communist takeover, a complete turnaround in the get to ownership system (and the sparing in general) and the raise (and failure) of a near-Industrial Revolution? monoamine oxidase and co heralded a head freshman launch into the twentieth century for Chinas govern mental system, thats for trusted. scarce amid on the whole the reforms, how much did life actu every(prenominal)y improve for the Chinese population? This essay aims to examine what reforms were made, and how they moved(p) the savages, women, landlords and businessmen of China.Before Chinas Communist liberation, it had been ruled by Chiang Kaishek and the Guomindang. Their Nationalist regime had favoured the businessmen and landlo rds of China. Chiang Kaishek ruled as a dictator and had his army of blueshirts to enforce order, bonnie like Hitler and Mussolini. By the late 1940s, however, his rule was starting signal to be have unstable, with massive inflation causing poverty for m whatsoever plenty in the cities. He realized that his regime was doomed, and retreated to the island of Taiwan, leaving the Communists to rule China. Nearly ein truth genius, even up the landlords and businessmen, would have been happy about any kind of takeover at the fourth dimension, as e actuallyones future looked bleak to a lower place the collapsing Guomindang government. The Communists came as a breath of fresh air. But were they?The Communists were non exactly verbose in their green Programme when they express Women shall enjoy equal rights with men. Likewise, Mao wasnt when he said Women hold up half the sky. Yet that was the Communist attitude towards women equal to men, no much, no less, and it was a refreshin g one at the time. The traditional attitude to women was that they were strictly possessions of their husbands.Consider that women had been oppressed virtually since the start of Chinese conjunction it was traditional to practice such things as foot-binding and child prostitution. Under the Communists, the 1951 Marriage Law abolished both of these barbarities, as well as arranged marriages, child marriages and bigamy. Two of the most significant events equality-wise were the property and divorce legality changes husbands and wives now jointly own property and either one could divorce the new(prenominal) (before only men could divorce women).Nearly all women would have been pleased about this, and the Party now had a unanimous gender, so to speak, on its side. However, there were masteredsides. For the older generation, who were fierce traditionalists, this would have been shocking and disruptive, and since they had not much time left to enjoy the newfound freedoms brought by Co mmunism, they might be opposed to these changes. The only women not affected at all by these reforms were those living in the remote give aways of China. These places refused to break with tradition, even under pressure from the Communists.Also, the Marriage Law and social reforms meant that women were now treated exactly the identical as men i.e. they were expected to work just as hard regardless of their state of fitness. A lot of the Maoist policies towards women were fuelled by the wish to turn the currently un work half of the nation into a productive force for example, the crches organised for children were designed not really for the benefit of the women as such, but to get them out working in the fields again. Not to be unfair to them though, just about policies were selfless the law to give mothers motherhood leave with upright wages for two months does seem to be fully aimed towards helping women. In general, I retrieve that life for women definitely improved under t he Communists. There was still quite a steering to go, but Communist policy in this area was in many ways quite prescient.Landlords and businessmen probably came off the worst under the Communists. Under the Common Programme, they were defined as be capitalists and reactionaries. The same document stated that they would be deprived of their political rights, so their harsh treatment did not come entirely as a surprise.Under the Agrarian Reform Law, landlords lost an average of 93% of the land they had own. They were withal subject to abuse, heavy fines and sometimes, in cases where they had been particularly cruel to their tenants, execution, at speak bitterness meetings. nigh three million landlords were killed during these meetings.Businessmen had it nearly as magnanimous. If you had business with the Guomindang or had ripped off the peasantry, you could be sure of at least re-education, if not complete deprivation of any form of rights (in connection no-one in Communist Ch ina really had any political rights). Even if you hadnt committed any offences, you would face fines. animation wasnt good if you were either a landlord or a businessman in China. It was probably worsenedned if you were a landlord businessmen at least werent executed. At least, not very often the Communists had something black against anyone who had dealings with their old enemy, the Guomindang.Considering that most of Maos Communist policies were targeted towards peasants, they are the most important part of this essay. Under Mao, there were three types of peasants, rich, warmheartedness and poor peasants. Rich peasants meant those who could afford to hire other peasants to work for them. Middle peasants were those who could afford some basic equipment, while poor peasants formed the vast mass of Chinas agricultural system, and were employed by landlords who paid them a pittance to work the land.Mao was very ambitious when it came to Chinas work system. First he turned the land- ownership system around full circle. Then he launched the country into the industrial era of the twentieth century. He had to start somewhere, however, and that place was the Common Programme, where it was stated that the party must systematically transformthe land ownership system into a system of peasant land ownershipIt must steadily transform the country from an agricultural into an industrial one.This was some goal, considering that the years of warring between the Communists and the Guomindang had lain waste to farms and peasants, causing the agricultural output to drop radically. And through all this there was massive population growths, so there were more mouths to feed with less crops. Mao and his rout band of Communist officials had the peasants support, though. Many peasants supported the Communists already after all, they were the original workers party, and they had been very popular in the liberation areas, respecting the locals and trying out some reforms with regard to land and women with great success.The freshman step he took towards his agricultural revolution was by profiling all the peasants and teaching them how to sort themselves into the classes mentioned above. Land was whence redistributed between the peasants evenly.This table illustrates how the land reform system changed% houses% crop area ownedBeforeAfterLandlords2.628.72.1Rich peasants3.617.66.3Middle peasants35.830.244.8Poor peasants and others58.023.546.8The Agrarian Reform Law turned the land ownership system on its head. Rich peasants lost land, poor peasants gained the rich peasants lost land and middle peasants stayed roughly the same (the increase is due to the heavy imbalance between landlords and poor peasants there was almost too much land to go round after the landlords had been stripped of their land).The peasants had troubles, however they found that they hadnt enough money or equipment to cultivate the land. Mao suggested that peasants therefore organise themselv es into Mutual Aid Teams, groups of peasants who would deal each others land and equipment. So far, Maos plan was going super well he was popular with the peasantry, having given them the land that had been their dream, and allowed them a chance to get back at their landlords (the speak bitterness meetings were known for becoming quite bloody).The Communist government, however, refused to leave its land reform pronunciamento at this stage. The Five-Year Plan to revolutionise Chinas economy was underfoot, and mutual aid teams were not efficient enough to hit the high economic targets that Mao had set for China. So the co-operatives were introduced first lower and then higher stage. The lower-stage co-operatives were simply an extension of the mutual aid teams idea, only with many families (around forty) pooling their resources.Only when the higher-stage co-operatives went into action was what Mao probably would have called true Communism in action achieved two to three hundred fa milies, all having surrendered land, animals and equipment to the co-operative and being paid nothing except for what they earned in the fields for it. The immense pressure and ascendance on Chinese society (wall-posters, censorship and propaganda over) was borne out by the fact that by 1956 ninety-five percentage of Chinese peasants had joined higher-stage co-operatives, an idea that must have looked unattractive even then.As you can see, even for peasants Communism was not without big downsides. Perhaps one of the biggest was the onslaught of conformity and control inherent in the whole Maoist idea. Propagandists ensured a eonian stream of pro-Communist posters. The media broadcast tutorials on how to defeat American imperialistic pigs. Anyone who might be anti-Communist was either forced to leave the country or sent to a clique to be re-educated. And what happened when the censorship was relaxed?Mao decided to let the people say what they wanted about the Communists for a w hile. From 1956 people said exactly what they pleased, and many of them were rather verbal in their criticisms of the regime. In June 1957 Mao shortly stopped the period of free discussion, known as the Hundred Flowers period, and clamped down on the more vocal opposition to his regime. Chinese society was back to its closely-controlled state, and if anything, the censorship was even harsher than before.Perhapsbecause of the steely control, China was more stable in 1956 than at any time this century. Foreign occupation, civil war, widespread death from starvationinflation all seemed to be things of the past. Stability, the dream of the Chinese, sustained the faith of people.Perhaps the Chinese forgave all of the Communists flaws just for a little stability. They abided by their standards and conformed purely to stop any of these other tragedies occuring, and the Communists realised this, and even called meetings to hatch how bad things were under the Guomindang.Overall, peasants would have been initially pleased but quite dubious in the foresighted term about the benefits of Communism. They would have enjoyed the land for the short period that it was available to them. By the end of the first period of land reform, the Communists would be losing their popularity. Mao liked the peasants to seem selfless, and working towards a gross good, and depending on how brainwashed they truly were, this might have been the case to an extent. But I am sure that peasants in secret longed to have back the privately owned land it felt like theyd fought for. Some of them would also be unhappy about the repression and censorship, but this would have been even harder for most to see because of the controlled medias constant presence.In 1958 a Great Leap frontwards was announced a plan to make China into a competent world power, both industrially and agriculturally. It was similar to the first Five-Year Plan in that it relied to a great extent on the organisation of socie ty into steadily larger parts. These parts were called communes, and were created as groups of villages containing about 5000 families who gave up land, animals and equipment to common usage and ownership by the members of the commune.This was the ultimate unit of control in Chinese society it was something that was everywhere you went, you ate there, you worked there, you slept there, and anything you felt was also felt by your whole commune. Or so Mao hoped. Posters, speeches, publisher articles and all the other standard propaganda mechanisms were much more effective there because there really was no escape.The communes were a great success, producing things in record time, and the workers were well motivated. The Communist brainwashing was so total that people were working harder and were motivated because of the propaganda and censorship. However, only a year later, the honeymoon period was over, the Great Leap Forward was having serious marital issues, and the only marriage c ounsellor was too busy telling his workers to work harder. In short, Mao pushed too hard. Equipment fell apart. Workers fell asleep at their tasks. To add to this, lack of field workers, bad weather two years running and government lies caused a horrific famine, killing over cardinal million people.Mao Zedong really should have been forced to resign after this indeed, if Chinese society had not been so utterly brainwashed I believe he would have. Instead, he was forced to step down slightly, but was still a very prominent figure. And, crucially yet unbelievably, he retained the realitys support after all his crimes against them. The peasants were still with him. But I do not believe life got better for peasants under the Communists during the period I have described. An improved living standard cannot apologize the removal of identity from an entire nation and a famine killing millions.I do not believe that the Communists did a lot of good for the vast majority of China. The only segment of Chinese society whose lives improved markedly were women, and when evaluating the importance of the reforms to end sexism, you have to take into account that most women were also peasants. So, whilst they were freed from being killed at birth and so on, they were also left to die later on in the famine, or through overwork, since women now had to work just as hard as men. The lives of landlords and businessmen could hardly be expected to get better under the Communists. However, perhaps they were unnecessarily cruel execution hardly seems necessary. But Maos regimes performance regarding peasants is unforgivable. A peasant-focused regime making thing worse for peasants is unforgivable, and life indeniably was worse for peasants by 1961.

Cell Phone and Anti-Social Behavior Essay

There is a great sense of irony when oneness comes to the realization that a device originally created to keep people connected has evolved into a device that ca dos a strong social divergence amidst one another. The mobile yell, a revolutionary concept of creating the talent to business lineize with others casually as well as easily, has not solitary(prenominal) created a red-hot succession of communication, solely overly a supplementary social standard that has reshaped the process of human interaction between people, or lack there of. This so-called social barrier created by the habitual and constant use of stall phones is obvious now, more than than ever. As written by Adam Burgess, modern mean solar day pen of Cellular Phones, Public Fears, and a Culture of Precaution, the use of mobile remembers has ceasely stripped modern day culture of the interpersonal federation people once sh ard, when person to person correspondence was the only resource obtainable.Cell phone use has catch a second-natured habit to the majority of straighta authoritys auberge. The prevalence of people would view someone as outlandish if he or she is living in todays dry land without owning a cellular telephone phone. One simple device can and does have a considerable govern on the current American culture, but with that being said, an influence such as this does not only if emerge overnight. The purpose of the mobile phone upon its creation is exactly as it sounds, to create a telephone that accessible at any date and any place. This gives people the capability of having phone conversations despite their location. despite the fact that this is a quite obvious concept in todays society, that wasnt the compositors case for consumers living active twenty dollar bill years ago. How can such an incredible influence occur in such a short period of time?Evolution.As stated in Kirkley Luttmans intellectual Health & Science article, the mobile phone was created for the single purpose of sending and receiving telephone calls on-the-go. As time goes on, this simple device becomes one that serves multiple purposes for the consumer. The first advancement in the cell phone was the change of textbook messaging Instead of conversing via phone call, one can simply type out their desired message and send itinstantly via text to their receiver. Now people are capable of having a complete conversation read through a cell phone screen and eliminating al nigh all indecorum of communication. The next step of evolution is then the creation of social media. Once only intended for calculating machine users by virtue of the world wide web, this was now accessible through a mobile phone. This evolvement likewise means that cell phones can now access the internet, opening up an entirely new demesne of communication from the same device that could once only make a simple phone call. fit in to Dr. Emily Murray and her entry in KwikMed Cell Phones Make U s Socially Oblivious, the additional capabilities with limited time for society to adapt caused a spark of interest as well as excitement in cell phones. With a device that can now send and receive not only phone calls and text messages, but also access the internet, send and receive emails, access websites, and utilize social media, a new culture emerges. All of the new features of a cell phone have one thing in common and that is the fact that they were all created on the premise of making it effortless to communicate with others, whenever and wherever.Growing up in an age where the use of cell phones is second nature, it is obvious that people truly do communicate with one another on a constant basis. It is of high importance to update ones Facebook status, tweet about the latest trend, location a picture of the weather. It is significant to obtain the most likes on a post or picture or the most retweets on a thought. It is also crucial to constantly text message a friend, even when the content of the conversation isnt crucial at all. Such a strong emphasis has been put on communicating with everyone via every single network and outlet available that people have begun to forget what genuine communication actually stands for. This is where the irony comes into play.Comparable to a eye mask effect, the use of cell phones within todays culture has grown into so much more than what is was simply intended for. Much like any innovation, developments are made and in response, adjustments occur. Not only have cell phones created an antisocial stigma within people, but have also caused this fashion to become habitual and second-natured. It is obvious that human interaction has drastically changed, even in a meretwenty years. One generation ago, owning any sort of mobile phone was a rare privilege. Even with that advantage, these devices close up only served a single purpose, differing greatly from todays cell phones. Today, a cell phone is not longer viewed as a phone, but a form of assistance in readying events, sending messages and emails, video chatting, entertainment, music, and much more. With a single device in the hands of the majority of todays society, how can one remain as social as before the creations, development, and spread of this engine room?Going beyond the more obvious arguments that have previously been addressed, cell phone use has open(a) up the opportunity to act in a disgraceful way without immediate sanction. According to the article, The kinship between Technology and Cyber Bullying in The Journal of Student Wellbeing, Due to the advent of modern communication, children are now able to harass their peers with mobile phonesa behavior known as cyber bullying (Beran, 2007). Without bodily confrontation with one another, brutal actions can easily occur, even anonymously at times. If this sort of behavior has become habitual to the current generation, how can a positive outcome be rationally expect? Cell phone use has not only created an antisocial environment within todays society, but also the allowance of insensitive actions without punishment.It is arguable that person to person, face to face interaction is the most sincere and most intimate form of connection. For the majority of humankind, in-person transmission was one of the few options for humans to communicate. As the way of life has changed, so have the forms of communication, but the new form of disclosure has entirely stripped the relation of human connection. People are implausibly focused on such an artificial form of interaction. Generations bequeath soon be born into this unnatural habit and it will become the way of life from the showtime unless society understands the importance of intimacy and the cosmetic facade that cell phones have not only created, but promoted. Socialization will forever remain as the message from one person to another, but the channel for them to do so can and will inevitably effect social behavio r. The paradox that ties together cell phones and promotion of social behavior will continue to diminish thegregarious importance of physical connection unless society begins to suddenly become alert to the problems cell phones have and will continue to cause.

Human Resourse Management in Pakistan

HUMAN RESOURSE MANAGEMENT IN PAKISTAN (Major Human recourses challenges in Pakistan populace wellness formation, Human Recourse ashes policies and ways to address those challenges) Introduction Human alternatives ar the aggregate of the wellness system and wellness c ar managers have a critical role in finding of mathematical process of the system 1. Our savings and investment direct can be raised save when we are in a position to convert our unproductive and to a lower placeutilized human and natural resources into dynamic and self-sustained p separatelyy and potential accelerator of economic growth.The cosmea wellness fundamental law (WHO) has defined the wellness workforce as all people primarily engaged in actions with the primary intent of enhancing health. This definition is lucid with the WHO definition of health systems as comprising all activities with the primary goal of improving health. The health workforce is unmatched of the intimately important pillars of the health system. Adequate numbers and timber of health workers have been positively associated with productive implementation of health interventions, including immunization coerage, outreach of primary care, and infant, peasant and maternal survival. 2 Human imaginativeness Management is a key to improve productivity of people in the organization. Good Human resource management near with strategic, ethical and social responsibility which further help to achieve organization goal and objectives. Human Resource management is an art to transform changes as employee commitment and opportunity through developing their knowledge & skills and motivating them. In developing country human resource players are considered necessary since they can serve as intellect of an organization.A loyal, dedicated, skilled, efficient and productive human resources is valuable assets of an organization but non reflected on the proportionateness sheet. 3 Pakistan story In 1947, Pakista n was created as British rule came to an end in India. In 1971, East Pakistan demanded independence, and afterwards a bloody civil war it was transformed into what is now the country of Bangladesh. As one of the most crowded countries in the world, Pakistan faces enormous economic and social crises.Fortunately, however, it possesses an abundance of natural resources that can help it have the best these challenges 4 Pakistan is blessed with huge natural and human resources but most of these are in crude form. concord to official data, there are 127,859 doctors and 12,804 health facilities in the country to cater for everyplace 170 one million million million people. 5 Infant mortality rate 72/1,000 live get, Maternal mortality rate 260/100,000 live birth instead having 7. 8 Physicians/10,000 population, 3. Nurses and midwifes/10,000 population overall 11. 6 Health care workforce /10,000 population in the country 6 In Pakistan the health system remains functionally weak and th e select of health go is poor, despite very old constitutional shop for health care as a practiced and a large Ministry of Health at federal and barbarian levels 7, 8. In Pakistan health sector performance has not been evaluated in terms of inputs, processes or activities and outputs for contrary types of resources including human resources.Very little is known about compositions of health managers, their skills, and prepare, and spec ifically the indemnity for deployment. The first and foremost prerequisite for human resources progress is the proper attention to the health sector. No nation can dream of acquiring preeminence in any field with drear and disabled persons so developed nations invest quite a hefty amount in their health sector. In Pakistan, unfortunately, due attention is not paid to this important sector.Human resources for health have recently been show as a central component in providing a stronger health system to achieve the millenary organic evolution Goals 9. Absence or nonimplementation of appropriate human resource policies that address appropriate numbers of staff, their qualifications, deployment, workings conditions, and gender distribution are associated with many problems in the health work force 10. Frequency of disturbance of key managerial staff has also been associated with poor system performance 11. Human Resource Development and Management challengesPakistan has been categorized as one of 57 countries that are facing an HRH crisis, below the threshold level defined by WHO to deliver the essential health interventions required to reach Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015 12. Health workforce strategy is usually low on a countrys agenda, despite the understanding that scaling-up health interventions to reach MDGs is not possible without a minimum level of health workforce. subject area health workforce strategies require reliable and timely study, rational system analysis and a theater knowledge base.Ho wever, data analysis, research on HRH and adept expertise are still underdeveloped in many countries, in part due to low investment in HRH 13. Pakistans new adumbrate National health policy 2009 mandated the learning of strategies in various key areas, including HRH 14 There is a deprivation of clear long-term slew for human resource developing and the federal MOH or provincial brawl does not have a unit, responsible for such an important health system function. 15 The imbalances in health workforce in terms of cadre, gender and distribution are well known in Pakistan.The humans sector continues to heavily invest its scarce resources in the learning of medical colleges and universities rather than investing in improving quality and quantity of nursing institutions, public health schools and technicians training institutions. In the context of health system development, there is a serious shortage of qualified health system specialists such as health and human res ource p lanners, health economists, health information experts and health system and hospital managers.Pre -service training of health professionals follows traditional methods and there is a mismatch between educational objectives, which focus on hospital based care, instead of addressing the postulate of the communities for promotive, preventive curative and rehabilitative services. The Pakistan Medical and alveolar Council (PM&DC) is responsible for registration, licensing and military rank of the medical and dental practitioners, the attempts made by PM&DC have not materialized yet.Regulation of private practitioners and different traditional categories of medical practice such as homeopathic doctors and Yunani Hakims is non-existent. Human Resource in health care is not appropriately planned in Pakistan, with the result that there are more doctors than nurses, shortfall of trained midwives, urban concentration, brain drain from rural to urban areas and abroad, along with other issu es related to curriculum, quality of graduates and their continuing super reverie.The service structure for health workers is poorly defined it, favors tenure over competence, largely ignores technical capacities and does not allow incentives or rewards for performance. The conduct of education for medical, nursing and related cadres is mostly conventional and does not utilize recent developments in the field of medical education. Though curricula have been revised from time to time, in major(ip)ity of cases they are not locally contextualized and are not based on competencies and skills.There is no organise system for continuing medical education for any health providers who are also largely unsupervised and at times ill equipped with newer knowledge/skills to tackle emerging diseases. This holds true for management cadres as well. The health system is currently not conducive to nurses, midwives and ally health professionals playing pivotal roles in ensuring the pro pile and deli very of effective primary health care services in th e absence of doctors.Health governance have yet to be convinced that PHC services can be successfully provided and delivered by nurses, midwives and allied health professionals making up local teams with the relevant staffing complement and skills mix. 14 All publicly employed doctors are forbidden from practicing privately and many of them receive non practicing allowances as part of their non salary allowances under the law of the country, That notwithstanding, most of them run lucrative private sector clinics while working in hospitals and oftentimes use the public sector leverage to boost practices in private facility poses.A number of unethical practices such as refusing to see patients i n hospitals and referring them to private clinics are well established and are almost regarded as a conventional norm. Provider-driven over-consumption of health services, over-prescription, and over-use of diagnostics as well as irrever ence of ethical guide lines in clinical practice are well established in Pakistan. In terms of the ethics of health care alone, frequent violations of the four sanctioned principles of the expert to autonomy, Right to privacy, Right to choose and Right to information are often seen. 17 High rate of frequent transfer and post horse is also a major reason of low levels of performance in public health sector. A study was conducted on the 54 top provincial offices in the government of Sindh Department of Health over the period of 24 years (1981-2004). There were 689 transfers/postings made in the 54 key offices studied over the 24 year time period. Almost half (48. 9%) of these postings lasted no longer than 1 year. The offices unnatural highest were tertiary/district care hospitals (54 tim es) and district health offices (37 times) respectively. 18 Recommendation and priority actions towards Human resource development Since the Pakistan is enriched with human resources there is eme rge need to develop strategy for optimum utilization of it especially in public heath sector. WHO reviewed the health system of Pakistan and suggested that there is need to develop a clear policy and strategies for human resource development match to the longer term stated health development vision for Paki stan and to the more pressing requirements of improving health service delivery in the country .The report stress on mapping of health care providers and institutions through a national human resources for health (HRH) observatory, which should hold together all stake holders involved in human resource development. It suggested that to deal with standard setting and regulatory functions strategic planning in human resource development at federal and provincial levels is required. It reflected the essentiality to established position such as human resource planners, health economists, health information experts and health system managers, which are attractive enough to recruit qualified and experienced persons.In addition, tackle their shortage in the short term through external fellowships and in the longer term through the development of accredited training programs in the country. A nursing directorate should be established in the MOH in order to strengthen leadership and to address the nursing crisis. There is need to review the role of the PM&DC, CPSP and other institutions in term of new developments and planned reforms. By providing problem based training the system can reorient the production of health workforce towards more focus on public health and community needs.In order to provide the necessary support to the various reforms aimed at increasing access to health services and at improving health system performance strengthening of partner institutions such as Health Services Academy (HSA), schools of public health, academia and professional institutions is required. Human resource policy in government bureaucracies should be developed to stabi lize professional positions while having a clear transfer policy in place and improve the performanc e of the health care delivery system. 15 Efficient and effective development of a health care system needs of equitable gender distribution of women in the health workforce. 19 To meet out such needs ministry of health, Pakistan came up with national health policy in July 2009 which recommended that federal official and health authorities go forth play a vital role for the development of the health resource in Pakistan. This federal and Provincial Health authorities will forecast human resource needs based on requirements outlined in essential health services package and provincial strategies.It will direct and facilitate the teaching institutions in reorienting their curricula and training t o being competency-based with enhanced icon to the community and with responsiveness to the local needs and compliance with international standards. It includes that each district will be link ed to a teaching institution so that the latter can provide technical support and supervision to the former to improve rural health care services.All medical graduates will be recommended to be posted to rural centers for a period of at least 6 months after graduation. The Pakistan Medical and Dental Council will ensure that those undergoing post graduate training also rotate through district health centers. Provincial health authorities will appoint and retain relevant cadres of appropriate health military group with special focus on staffing district primary care outlets and on recruiting women.Provincial health departments will skip over human resources for health by establishing a database of doctors, nurses, midwives and allied health professionals working in the BHUs and RHCs across each province and those in training funded by the government. 14 Conclusion A healthy population is not only valued in its own right, but it also raises the human capital of a country thereby pos itively contributing to the economic and social development.A considerable improvement in health sector facilities over the past year is reflected in the existing vast network of health care facilities which consist of 4712 dispensaries, 5,336 basic health units, 924 hospitals, 906 maternal and child health centers and 288 TB centers. Available HR is 122798 doctors, 7388 dentist and 57646 nurses. 20 A major strength of health care services in Pakistan is very strong outreach via about 95,000 Lady Health Workers (LHWs) and an increasing number of community midwives (CMWs).Inspite of all there is a lack of clear long-term vision for human resource development, which is necessary to address the imbalances in health workforce with appropriate skills and improved motivation, storage and productivity Human resources in health care are not appropriately planned in Pakistan, with the result that there are more doctors than nurses and brain drain, along with other issues related to curricul um, quality of graduates and their continuing supervision.The service structure for health workers is poorly defined it, favors tenure over competence, largely ignores technical capacities and does not allow incentives or rewards for performance. The conduct of education for medical, nursing and related cadres is mostly conventional and does not utilize recent d evelopments in the field of medical education. There is no organized system for continuing medical education for any health providers who are also largely unsupervised and at times ill equipped with the skills to tackle emerging diseases.National Health Policy 2010 is include a vision for the role HRH strategy can play in helping to meet the countrys goals for improving health care services for all Pakistanis. In addition, the current HRH assessment will serve as evidence for a new HRH strategy to be dev eloped and implemented by the Ministry of Health. The national and provincial authorities will comprehensibly plan and for ecast their human resource requirement for next 10 years according to the proposed services in the respective areas and take robust short term and long term go to achieve the balance in manpower. 6 Provincial health authorities will also develop, implement and corroborate a database of health human resource, including the private sector. Nationwide campaigns will be launched to promote the permanent roles that nurse, midwives and allied health professionals may play in providing and delivering effective services to the public. By Mr. Vikas Jain References 1. Martinez J, Martineau T. Rethinking human resources an agenda for the millennium. Healt h Policy and Planning 1998 2. The world health report 2006 working together for health .Geneva, World Health Organization, 2006. 3. Dr. Zareen Abbasi Assistant Professor Department of Public Administration University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Human Resource Management in Pakistan , The Elite Scientific Publications, Faisalabad, Pakistan, 2009 4. World Atlas . com http//graphicmaps. com/webimage/countrys/asia/pk. htm 5. http//southasia. oneworld. net/todaysheadlines/healthcare-in-pakistan-too-expensive-to-afford 6. CCF Case study, establishing an HRH coordination process, Pakistan, page 1, 2 7. Siddiqi S, Haq IU, Ghaffar a, Akhtar T, Mahaini R.Pakistans maternal and child health policy analysis, lessons and the way forward. Health policy 2004 page 117-130. 8. Bhutta ZA, Ali N, Hyder A, Wajid A. Perinatal & Newborn Care in Pakistan Seeing the Unseen Maternal and Child health in Pakistan. Challenges And Opportunities Edited by Zulfiqar A Bhutta. Ameena Saiyid, Oxford University conjure up 2004. 9. Narasimhan V, Brown H, Pablos-Mendez A, Adams O, Dussault G, Elzinga G, et al. Responding to the global human resources crises. The Lancet 2004 page 14 -72. 10. Martineau T, Martinez J.Human resources in the health sector guidelines for assessment and strategic development Brussels European Commission, Directorate General for Dev elopment, Health and Development Series 1997. 11. Buchan J. What deflection does (good) HRM make? Human Resources for Health 2004 12. Global atlas of the health workforce. Geneva, World Health Organization (http//www. who. int/globalatlas, accessed 12 December 2009). 13. Narasimhan V et al. Responding to the global human resources crisis. Lancet, 2004 14. National health policy 2009. Islamabad, Ministry of Health (final draft) (http//www. health. gov. pk, accessed 5 May 2010). 5. field of the Health remains Review Mission Pakistan, World Health Organization unite Nations Children Fund, Department for International Development, United Kingdom, The World Bank, February 19-28, 2007, Islamabad 16. Corruption in the health sector in Pakistan , Pakistan Health Policy forum 17. Abdul Hakeem Jokhio B. S. , Ph. D. Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, H ealth System Managerial Staffing Patterns Public Sector Experience From P akistan, 18. World Health Organizatio n. World Health Report 2003-Shaping the future. Geneva 2003. 19. Pakistan Economic Survey, 2007