Case Study Essay on Nursing Informatics

Blasphemous Movie on Prophet Muhammad Essay Example for Free

Ungodly Movie on Prophet Muhammad Essay Dynamic: Media is considered liable for the mutilated and personification picture of Muslims and their most blessed figure prophet Muhammad (harmony arrive) in the West. The film â€Å"innocence of Muslims† is the latest generalization exhibit of them. People’s thinking on an issue, which they don’t have a lot of information about, is to a great extent framed by what media decides, following a plan setting hypothesis. Islam has consistently been such issue in the West and Muslims have consistently been appeared as aficionados, fanatics and vicious executioners in this way giving negative meanings to Islam. As indicated by semiotic hypothesis of moans, each picture or sign has a coded message, which is constantly decoded by various individuals similarly by a typical intellectual framework. At the point when the messages in the container pictures of Prophet Muhammad distributed by a Danish magazine Jyllands-Posten in 2006 were decoded, there was an objection in the Muslim world, which later built up a container contention around the worldwide legislative issues. This profane film of prophet Muhammad, another type of visual correspondence, made the equivalent political clash among East and West and change in the legislative issues of Muslim nations as well. The initial segment of my paper which is a media plan for Pakistani government to manage the issue, investigations how Muslim world responded to this film and how an inconvenient circumstance in all the Muslim nations is influencing the relations of Muslims’ with the U.S. Second part inspects how western media, for the sake of the right to speak freely of discourse, has been deconstructing the collections of Muslims as brutal misleading men and their religion as a threat to West. This message has been constantly shot into the heads of masses since ages dissecting enchantment slug hypothesis of media. Media impacts hypothesis can without much of a stretch explain the aftereffects of such endeavors. The article advocates media ought to think about moral limits while talking about reli gions and strict substances. Watchwords: Muslims, generalizations, prophet Muhammad, containers, films, western media, fights, governmental issues. Foundation of the issue. Only a brief trailer of the disrespectful film â€Å"innocence of Muslims† caused an extraordinary change in the Muslim world .the holiest figure of Islamâ prophet Muhammad (harmony arrive) has been appeared in this film as a kid molester, womanizer, inebriated and a rough executioner. This isn't the principal film, there is a rundown of such motion pictures against Muslims and Islam, for example Dark Hawk Dawn, the realm, the Seige, fitna, which made ruin in Muslim world and we saw riots, savagery, blacklists and passings because of them. Later on, such difficulty tic circumstances were constantly controlled by politicians.(see connections of motion pictures trailers in references) This film created by Nakoula Basseley drove Muslims dissents in Egypt, Yemen, Libya, Iraq, India, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia and in numerous other Muslim nations including the murdering of US minister to Libya in a vicious assault by radicals. Obama and Clinton denounced this film like numerous different legislatures of the nations, even Cindy Lee Garcia revealed to The Hollywood Reporter that she and numerous on-screen characters were tricked by movie producer. â€Å"He has a cost to pay, this Mr.Bacile, possibly not here on Earth, yet he’ll remain before God one day for what he has done†. These fights were going on and â€Å"meanwhile a French sarcastic magazine Charlie Hebdo distributed the disputable drawing of the Holy Prophet (harmony arrive) further kindling Muslims’ sentiments†.(the Dawn 30 sep) Such fights were begun in before September in Pakistan where many thousands from varying backgrounds recorded their dissent against this film and distribution of container pictures once more. Many walked towards US international safe haven in Islamabad and many were executed and injured in conflict with police there. There were rallies of fights across the country having in excess of 45,000 individuals prior in September, 21 were slaughtered and 229 injured, in excess of 200 dissenters put a match to representation of Barack Obama in the capital of Pakistani regulated Kashmir.(Aljazeerah 21sep). Pakistanis are requesting from the legislature to stop missions with US If they don’t boycott this film inside and out, however it was restricted later in numerous Muslim nations on a solicitation from Washington house to goggle. Issue for Pakistani Government: In Pakistan political races are going on and the ideological groups are connecting with crowd in vicious assaults to make agitation in the nation. By featuring the shortcomings of the administration and an inappropriate dealings of the issue by the legislature, the other ideological groups are attempting to exploit the circumstance. Numerous pennants in the conventions drove by otherâ political parties request from government to close US and French missions in Pakistan which is unquestionably unrealistic. So there is an incredible need to make an all around created procedure through media to deal with the circumstance as president is loosing the notoriety in light of numerous accounts of the debasement of government and this issue of sacrilege is mind boggling to deal with as the interest to boycott this film can't be cultivated on the double like Pakistani are wishing. so is the situation with their requests to close the missions with US. Goals of the media plan: 1) Stop the individuals from vicious fights by giving references from Islamic qualities showing harmony and resilience. 2) Gain trust and certainty of the individuals as a capable government by centering what government has done to manage the issue. 3 limit the nation’s disdain for US and move their concentration from their requests of not to help US in the war going on in the area. 4) Present your nation’s perspective on global gatherings with respect to the issue. Key messages of the arrangement: 1) By citing from the life of the Holy Prophet (harmony arrive), the individuals ought to be halted from making savage fights and demonstrating contempt to different nations as it is leaving a terrible picture of the country and the Islam also. Media should concentrate how prophet has trained Muslims to be lenient and how he despised carnage and savagery. So key message would be â€Å"Islam is a religion of resistance not of violence†. 2) Key message toward the west ought to be that we regard the right to speak freely of discourse yet dismiss opportunity of contempt. This film like different irreverent motion pictures and container pictures of prophet Muhammad fall in the classification of later. Such laws ought to be defined to maintain a strategic distance from these offensive endeavors prompting the distress in the entire world. 3) Focus on solicitations of Obama’s government to goggle and you cylinder to boycott the video and furthermore tell your country through the media the U.S exertion to make the laws against such irreverent acts later on, so their contempt towards America could be limited as their requests to close missions with America are difficult to be thought of. Hypothetical structure: Edward said’s well known work on the relations of east and west got a lot of analysis that opens with a citation by Karl Marx: ‘they can't speak to themselves, they should be represented’. So the west assumed as its liability to speak to the east and edify them by calling them savage. Said unfurls the double resistance as â€Å"self is recognizable (Europe, the west, â€Å"us†) and the other is unusual (the orient, the east, â€Å"them†) (stated, 1978:43) Said declares that European information on the East goes affectionately intertwined with expansionism, investigation and settlement. He contends that the Orient is built and spoken to in the double restriction against the Occident, as the Other. In numerous regards, the Orient is seen by European qualities, suspicions, and social codes and as the Occidents other. He condemns the way that the Occident sees the Orient by her own socially decided and one-sided and restricted recorded perspectives.(Moosavinia, Niazi Ghaforian,2011) The all inclusive assertion of Human Rights states â€Å"everyone has the privilege to opportunity of conclusion and expression† (United Nations 1948). A few people could contend that they have endless rights to deride different people’s strict thinks including their heavenly books and sacred figures. For the sake of the right to speak freely of discourse, 12 depiction of Muslims Prophet Muhammad (harmony be upon him)were distributed by a Danish magazine. The one most discussed indicated prophet Muhammad as having a bomb in the fabric over his head. (Bond B, 2007) discusses Danish media scene as â€Å"It is reasonable for state that the truthful social helplessness, the generalizing, and the division among â€Å"them† and â€Å"us† in the news media, has made a threatening talk against obvi ous outsiders and especially Muslims.† He additionally discusses Danish media portrayals of Muslim ladies. â€Å"Appearing during the 1970s the generalization of minority ladies as persecuted and battered was conspicuous from the late 1990s to mid 2000s. Theâ stereotype of abused minority ladies was accentuated by broadcast pictures of hidden ladies outlining numerous anecdotes about evacuees and different outsiders. Another generalization since the 1970s was the picture of settler men as hypersexual dangers to women† (Green L, Aly A, 2011) state in their exploration that â€Å"there was some hatred voiced by Muslim respondents in meetings and center gatherings that the media didn't completely speak to the assorted variety of Muslims and rather sustained generalizations of Muslims: ‘the monstrous Muslim male’ and ‘the mistreated Muslim female’. This interceded development of Muslims was thought to give a powerful pathway to the more extensive community’s comprehension of Muslims.à ¢â‚¬  Giving an account of Islam has been a required piece of western media plan. An examination about motivation of German media finishes up as following. In summing up the outcomes, it very well may be said that in non-anecdotal arrangements, for example, magazines, television shows,

How to Write an Abstract in APA Format

How to Write an Abstract in APA Format Student Resources APA Style and Writing Print How to Write an APA Abstract By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on January 08, 2020 Verywell / Nusha Ashjaee More in Student Resources APA Style and Writing Study Guides and Tips Careers In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview Basic APA Format Writing an Abstract Length View All Back To Top APA format is the official style of the American Psychological Association and is used in psychology writing as well as other social sciences. These style guidelines specify different aspects of a documents presentation and layout, including how pages are structured, the organization of references, and how citations are made. This format also stipulates the use of an abstract designed to very briefly summarize the key details contained in a paper without providing too much detail. Why Is an Abstract Important in APA Format? While it is sometimes overlooked or only an afterthought, an abstract is an important part of any academic or professional paper. This brief overview serves as a summary of what your paper contains, so it should succinctly and accurately represent what your paper is about and what the reader can expect to find. Fortunately, by following a few simple guidelines, you can create an abstract that generates interest in your work and help readers quickly learn if the paper will be of interest to them. The Basics of an APA Format Abstract The abstract is the second page of a lab report or APA-format paper and should immediately follow the title page. Think of an abstract as a highly condensed summary of your entire paper. The purpose of your abstract is to provide a brief yet thorough overview of your paper. The APA publication manual suggests that your abstract should function much like your title pageâ€"it should allow the person reading it too quickly determine what your paper is all about. The APA manual states that the abstract is the single most important paragraph in your entire paper. Your abstract is the first thing that most people will read, and it is usually what informs their decision to read the rest of your paper. A good abstract lets the reader know that your paper is worth reading. According to the official guidelines of the American Psychological Association, a good abstract should be: Brief but packed with information. Each sentence must be written with maximum impact in mind.?? To keep your abstract short, focus on including just four or five of the essential points, concepts, or findings.Objective and accurate. The abstracts purpose is to report rather than provide commentary. It should also accurately reflect what your paper is about. Only include information that is also included in the body of your paper.?? How to Write an Abstract First, write your paper. While the abstract will be at the beginning of your paper, it should be the last section that you write. Once you have completed the final draft of your psychology paper, use it as a guide for writing your abstract.Begin your abstract on a new page and place your running head and page number 2 in the top right-hand corner. You should also center the word Abstract at the top of the page.Keep it short. According to the APA style manual, an abstract should be between 150 to 250 words.?? Exact word counts can vary from journal to journal. If you are writing your paper for a psychology course, your professor may have specific word requirements, so be sure to ask. The abstract should also be written as only one paragraph with no indentation.Structure of the abstract in the same order as your paper. Begin with a brief summary of the Introduction, and then continue on with a summary of the Method, Results, and Discussion sections of your paper.Look at other abstracts in professional journals for examples of how to summarize your paper. Notice the main points that the authors chose to mention in the abstract. Use these examples as a guide when choosing the main ideas in your own paper.Write a rough draft of your abstract. While you should aim for brevity, be careful not to make your summary too short. Try to write one to two sentences summarizing each section of your paper. Once you have a rough draft, you can edit for length and clarity.Ask a friend to read over the abstract. Sometimes having someone look at your abstract with fresh eyes can provide perspective and help you spot possible typos and other errors. Things to Consider When Writing an Abstract The format of your abstract also depends on the type of paper you are writing. For example, an abstract summarizing an experimental paper will differ from that of a meta-analysis or case study. For an abstract of an experimental report: Begin by identifying the problem. In many cases, you might begin by stating the question you sought out to investigate and your hypothesis.Describe the participants in the study. State how many participants took part and how they were selected. For example, you might state that In this study, 215 undergraduate student participants were randomly assigned to [the experimental condition] or [the control condition].Briefly describe the study method used. For example, you might identify if you used a within-subjects, between-subjects, or mixed design.Give the basic findings. This is essentially a very brief preview of the results of your paper.  Provide any conclusions or implications of the study. What might your results indicate and what directions does it point to for future research. For an abstract of a meta-analysis or literature review: Describe the problem of interest. In other words, what is it that you set out to investigate in your analysis or review.Explain the criteria that were used to select the studies included in the paper. Realistically, there may be many different studies devoted to your topic. Your analysis or review probably only looks at a portion of these studies. For what reason did you select these specific studies to include in your research?Identify the participants in the studies. Just as in an experimental abstract, you need to inform the reader about who the participants were in the studies. Were they college students? Older adults? How were they selected and assigned?Provide the main results. Again, this is essentially a quick peek at what readers will find when they read your results section. Dont try to include everything. Just quickly provide a very brief summary of your main findings.  Describe any conclusions or implications. What might these results mean and what do they reveal about th e body of research that exists on this particular topic? How Long Should Your Abstract Be? The sixth-edition APA manual suggests that an abstract be between 150 and 250 words. However, they note that the exact requirements vary from one journal to the next. If you are writing the abstract for a class, you might want to check with your instructor to see if he or she has a specific word count in mind. Psychology papers such as lab reports and APA format articles also often require an abstract. In these cases as well, the abstract should include all of the major elements of your paper, including an introduction, hypothesis, methods, results, and discussion. Remember, although the abstract should be placed at the beginning of your paper (right after the title page), you will write the abstract last  after you have completed a final draft of your paper. In order to ensure that all of your APA formatting is correct, consider consulting a copy of the  Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. In order to ensure that all of your APA formatting is correct, consider consulting a copy of the  Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. A Word From Verywell The abstract may be very brief, but it is so important that the official APA style manual identifies it as the most important paragraph in your entire paper. It may not take a lot of time to write, but careful attention to detail can ensure that your abstract does a good job representing the contents of your paper.   Some more tips that might help you get your abstract in tip-top shape: Look in academic psychology journals for examples of abstracts.Keep on hand a copy of a style guide published by the American Psychological Association for reference.If possible, take your paper to your schools writing lab for assistance.

Harper Lee s Just Mercy - 1226 Words

â€Å"Finally, I ve come to believe that the true measure of our commitment to justice, the character of our society, our commitment to the rule of law, fairness, and equality cannot be measured by how we treat the rich, the powerful, the privileged, and the respected among us. The true measure of our character is how we treat the poor, the disfavored, the accused, the incarcerated, and the condemned. We are all implicated when we allow other people to be mistreated,† (Stevenson 18). Within Bryan Stevenson’s novel, Just Mercy, the truths of social inequalities in our criminal justice system are confronted and assessed. Discoveries are made on how the social status of a person impacts the way society perceives them. Despite actions made towards others in the majority, an individual’s character will be measured by how they behave towards people in the minority. Through Harper Lee’s portrayal of hostility that various characters possess towards minorities in her novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, and Stevenson’s unforgettable descriptions of social inequalities that the incarcerated face, a similar theme is exhibited. The social status of an individual will influence society’s behavior in a negative or positive way and provoke inequality within a community. Within Lee’s novel Jem and Scout live in a community that is evidently divided by social status. Jem and Scout must endure the ridicule of other children as their father, Atticus, defends Tom Robinson, innocent black man.Show MoreRelatedCourage Is A Man With A Gun1350 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"... I wanted you to see what real courage is, instead of getting the idea that courage is a man with a gun in his hand. It’s when you know you’re licked before you begin but you begin anyway and you see through it not matter what† (Lee, 11). This book is a story about two siblings that experienced many things throughout the whole book, most of them hard and new to them, but at the end, they assimilated to face these things. Their father, Atticus, was a lawyer who did everything at his hands to alwaysRead MoreDiscrimination And Fear Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1441 Words   |  6 PagesSouth. However, it is more than just a story of racial discrimination , it is a story about discrimination of those in society who are misunderstood. In this novel the author vividly describes the meaning of fear and discrimination. In doing this Harper Lee uses several characters in the novel that are feared and misunderstood, like Atticus and Scout, Boo Radley, the African American society, and Tom Robinson. Through the actions surrounding these characters, Harper Lee suggests that fear and discriminationRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1389 Words   |  6 Pageswhen others are against you, disagree, and mock or even threaten violence because of the exercise of one’s conscience. This quote is proven true in the story To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee. It is revealed to be true through the actions of Mrs. Dubose, Atticus Finch, Tom Robinson, and Boo Radley. Harper Lee takes the small rural town of Maycomb, in Southern Alabama, and transforms it during the course of the novel from a hardcore racist town into a community beginning to demonstrate its capacityRead MoreCriminal Justice In America Now And Then Appears To Be1405 Words   |  6 PagesCriminal justice in America now and then appears to be more criminal than just — loaded with blunder, misbehavior, and prejudice, if not unordinary, discipline, combined with determined resistance to change and an inability to learn from even its most recognizable mistakes. What s more, no place, are matters are more worse than in the southern state of Alabama, the embraced grounds where Stevenson has become an advocate for the oppressed in the legal system. Stevenson, the visionary founder andRead More How Harper Lee explores the theme of prejudice in the novel To kill2051 Words   |  9 PagesHow Harper Lee explores the theme of prejudice in the novel To kill a mockingbird? Harper Lee explores the theme of prejudice in her novel, set in a small town called Maycomb. Maycomb County was, and still is, situated in the state of Alabama. Alabama is a state of The United States of America. To kill a mockingbird. What does this mean and in what ways are they shown in the novel? It is a sin to kill a mockingbird because it does not do any harm or faults to a person, but just sing itsRead MoreInterracial Issues Among Marriage, And Criminal Prosecution Between The 1800s And The 1900s934 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the terrible times of the 1800’s and 1900’s when the blacks and whites were racially separated terrifying events occurred to many people of color. The decimation was beyond the unnecessary, the killings and insults were highly common on the black community. Therefore a major problem during the time was the idea of marriage, in which the whites and blacks could only marry there race. In today’s statues that idea sound profound, but during the times of the correctional era it was not easy forRead MoreAnalysis Of Just Mercy By Bryan Stevenson1936 Words   |  8 Pages Just mercy by Bryan Stevenson This is a non-fiction book following Bryan Stevenson’s early career as a lawyer. Currently while practicing law he has started an organization called The Equal Justice Initiative. The organizations goal is to help wrongly convicted people get off of death row. One overarching story that you are following is the case of Walter McMillian, who was wrongly convicted and put on death row for the murder of a young woman in AlabamaRead MoreTruman Capote s Cold Blood1620 Words   |  7 PagesCapote is recognized by many for being a screenwriter, creating a plethora of short stories, and famously for his notable work-- Breakfast at Tiffany’s. Not only was this novel popular back in the 1950’s, Capote released a later novel that drew in many fans-- In Cold Blood. The very formation of Capote s novels and short stories seems to be increasingly insufficient to the eccentric dynamics of the time era (nytimes). Agonizing, horrible, surfeited with disasters -- all used to de scribe the crime novelRead MoreThe Transition Of Childhood Adulthood1421 Words   |  6 Pagesthey learn lessons, and lose some of their innocence. Overtime, the experiences amalgamate and complete the transformation to adulthood, and the process by which the transition happens is depicted in To Kill A Mockingbird, by Harper Lee. Although it is set in the late 1930’s, similarly to adolescents today, the characters are constantly adapting to new situations and becoming more mature. Children like Jem and Scout Finch grow from single-minded youngsters, to seasoned individuals that think withRead MoreNight And To Kill A Mockingbird1948 Words   |  8 Pagesconcentration camps, and being exposed to murder, prejudice, and sadism. Throughout the book, Elie experiences traumatic events, such as children dying, people starving to death, and even his own father’s death, who he had a special connection with. Harper Lee published To Kill a Mockingbird in 1960. This book focuse s on the topics of racism and discrimination. Consequently, people believe this book helped spark the Civil Rights Movement. The story focuses on Scout, a girl whose father is defending a

Effects of Emotional Abuse Essay example - 1460 Words

Each year more cases of Emotional abuse go unreported because the majority of people experiencing emotional abuse are not aware that it is happening. I was one of these people years ago; it took some caring friends to get me to see what was going on. In the following paragraphs I will touch on ways one can tell they are being emotionally abused, and ways to get help. While Undefined, Emotional abuse affects more people each day because they do not know that they are being abused. Abuse is any behavior that is used to control another human being through the use of fear, humiliation, and verbal or physical assault. Emotional abuse is defined as systematic, patterned and chronic abuse that is used by the perpetrator to lower a victim’s†¦show more content†¦The abuse is usually frequent enough that the victim internalizes it. This leaves the victim feeling fearful, insignificant, untrusting, emotionally needy, and unlovable. Survivors of this form of abuse have a hard tim e understanding why they feel so bad (Munro, K. 2001.). This form of abuse does not only affect adults, it also frequently affects children as well. In fact a study done by the United States National Incidence of Child Abuse and Neglect reports that 204,500 out of 1.5 million children are reported as being emotionally abused and 212,800 of the 1.5 million children are reported as being emotionally neglected (Court Watch, 2007). Emotional abuse is one of the most common forms of child abuse. When it comes to children emotional abuse includes encouraging children to develop self-destructive behavior, behavior that is threatening or likely to place the child or the child’s loved ones in danger, excessive, aggressive or unreasonable demands in which place expectations on a child that a child cannot meet, and ignoring a child’s attempt to interact. Emotional abuse in a child also includes the failure to provide the proper nurturing necessary for a child’s psychological growth and development. Terrorizing is the most common form of emotional abuse recognized in the case files, with nearly 81.1 percent of emotionally abuse children suffering from it. 63 percent of the emotionally abused children have experienced physical abuse andShow MoreRelatedEmotional And Emotional Effects Of Emotional Abuse867 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Emotional or physiological abuse is a form of abuse that has been occurring for years. . Even with all of the circumstances that stems from emotional abuse, communities and schools can provide resources that increase family resiliency to help protect children from abuse or neglect. Teachers today have to deal with a lot when it comes to the lack of performance by their students. Some students experience corporal punishment at home. Teachers tend to hear conversations between studentsRead MoreThe Effects Of Emotional Abuse On Mental Abuse1537 Words   |  7 PagesCan a tongue do as much damage as a fist? The seriousness of emotional abuse as opposed to physical abuse is a controversial topic. Some bring the power of emotional abuse into question, alluding that since the threat is not imminent and a person cannot exactly succumb from spoken words, it is not as damaging. However, if a wound or scar is not visible, does it make it any less real or devastating? The effects of emoti onal abuse are far-reaching and overwhelming, and should therefore receive at leastRead MoreEmotional Abuse And Its Effects On A Person Essay949 Words   |  4 Pages Emotional abuse is defined by its devastating effects on a person. It is seen in the forms of domestic abuse, bullying, and child abuse. Research shows how someone who has been emotionally abused develops personality disorders, has low self-esteem, and even has suicidal thoughts. Although there has been research that provides a general idea of emotional abuse and its effects, the research should take a deeper look at how the smallest details affect someone. My position differs from those who claimRead MoreEmotional Abuse : Cause And Effects1344 Words   |  6 PagesEmotional Abuse: Cause and Effects Abuse comes in many forms such as physical, sexual, verbal, or even emotional; feelings or emotions have the ability to cut as deep as any weapon; causing long term damage in the lives of children. Larry James was once quoted in saying: â€Å"Emotional abuse is just as damaging as physical abuse. The only difference between the two is with physical abuse you are wearing it on the outside for the world to see and the other is felt deep inside. Others cannot see the bruisesRead MorePsychological And Emotional Effects Of Psychological Abuse928 Words   |  4 PagesPsychological abuse, which includes verbal and emotional abuse, is a widespread and common problem in our society. Mary Jo Fay (2007), states that verbal abuse, â€Å"includes name-calling, shouting and yelling.† She also goes on to say that emotional abuse: includes blaming, accusing and restricting your freedom - like preventing you from using the phone or talking to family members, or recording the mileage on your car to see if you ve driven somewhere not allowed. Attempting to confuse you mentallyRead MoreThe Effect of Child Abuse on The Emotional Development of the Infant1229 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effect of Child Abuse on the Emotional Development of the Infant to Five Years Old in the United States A Review of the Literature Child abuse is one of the most serious issues in the United States today. Child abuse is the physical, emotional/ psychological or sexual maltreatment of a minor. Neglecting a child is another type of abuse, and includes malnutrition, abandonment, and/or inadequate care of a child’s safety. Additionally, any neglectful act can lead to physical or emotional harmRead MoreEarly Childhood Abuse and the Effects on Emotional Development1352 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Early childhood abuse and the effects on emotional development Abstract The present research is aimed at providing an account of early childhood abuse and its effects on further emotional development. A first focus falls on outlining the psychological stages of emotional development and the notion of emotional response, followed by a thorough analysis of the child abuse spectrum together with effects, both early and belated, of general and most notably socio-emotional nature. Firstly, the meaningRead MoreThe Effects Of Forgiveness Therapy After Spousal Emotional Abuse1133 Words   |  5 Pages Ashley Pasquale The Effects of Forgiveness Therapy after Spousal Emotional Abuse Liberty University Summary Spousal abuse of women takes on a variety of forms, one of which is psychologically and emotional abuse. This type of abuse have have negative outcomes that can last years, or even a lifetime if not properly dealt with. There are a variety of therapies to help women cope with previous abusive relationships, but this particular study looked into Forgiveness Therapy (Reed EnrightRead MoreThe Effects Of Emotional Abuse On A Person s Health868 Words   |  4 Pages Emotional abuse may not be physical but it can lead to physical abuse. A person who is emotional abused may suffer from confidence and self – esteem issues that can lead to bigger problems. The abuser may insult weight and looks. The victim may start to change how much they weigh and look dramatically. Anorexia and bulimia could be one of the ways a victim may change their weight. These two diseases are detrimental to a person’s health. Malnutrition, bone density loss, immune system weakness, andRead MoreThe Effects Of Emotional Abuse On The Lives Of People Around Them2774 Words   |  12 PagesAn abusive relationship can take a toll on one’s life and the lives of people around them. In romantic relationships, abuse can range from anything physical to emotional. Physical abuse in romantic relationships is a form of domestic violence, which is all too common in American families. â€Å"Intimate partner violence is one of the most common causes of injury in wom en. In several large studies in US accident and emergency departments, 11-30% of injured women whose mechanisms of injury and relationship

Law of the Sea Free Essays

string(104) " may have altered the burden of proof from coastal state to the ship to prove that passage is innocent\." Territorial Sea is established up to 12 miles from the baseline of the coast. This is an extension of the land and the coastal state exerts full sovereignty over the area. It is an area of national jurisdiction. We will write a custom essay sample on Law of the Sea or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also establishes a contiguous zone where the coastal State may exercise the control necessary to (1) prevent infringement of its customs, fiscal, immigration or sanitary laws and regulations (2) punish infringement of the above laws and regulations committed within its territory or territorial sea. The contiguous zone may not extend beyond 24 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured. 1 Compare and contrast the powers of coastal states in internal waters, the territorial sea and the contiguous zone. Internal Waters are assimilated into the territory of the state. A coastal state may exercise jurisdiction over foreign ships within its internal waters to enforce its laws, although the judicial authorities of the flag state may also act where crimes have occurred on board the ship. There exists therefore a concurrent jurisdiction. 1] A merchant vessel in a foreign port or in foreign internal waters is automatically subject to local jurisdiction unless the matter was concerning general conduct of the crew where it did not threaten peace and security it would be left, through courtesy to the flag state. In the case of a warship however the authorisation of the captain or of the flag state is necessary before the coastal state may exe rcise its jurisdiction. Due to the status of warships as a direct arm of the sovereign if the flag state. Contiguous Zone – Historically some states have claimed to exercise rights over particular zones of the high seas. This has diluted the principle of the freedom of the high seas. There have been numerous reasons for such extended authority including (1) prevention of infringement on customs, immigration or sanitary laws (2) to conserve fishing stock (3) to enable coastal state to have exclusive or principal rights. It enables coastal states to protect something without extending their territorial sea and is a compromise measure. These zones are not attached to the land territory in law. Concept was introduced in 1930 by French writer Gidel and it appeared in the Convention on the Territorial Sea. Sanitary and immigration enforcement is justifiable by the 1958 Convention but protection of customs has long been established. Contiguous zones were restricted to within 12 miles so a state which had claimed a 12 mile territorial sea were exempt from this. This coupled with the restriction of jurisdiction to customs, sanitary and immigration maters is the reason for the decline in the relevance of contiguous zones in recent years. However, based on the 1982 Convention a state may claim up to 24 miles in order to preserve the concept. The 1982 Convention also changed the status of the contiguous zone from being part of the high seas to part of the EEZ. Territorial Sea comes within the sovereignty of a coastal state also extending to the airspace. These were drafted in the 1982 Convention and represent customary international law. Width of the territorial sea is set at 12 miles. Coastal state may also exclude foreign nationals and vessels from fishing within its territorial sea and, subject to agreements to the contrary, from coastal trading and reserve these activities for its own citizens. Coastal state also has extensive powers relating to security and customs matters. Jurisdiction over foreign ships when in passage through territorial sea, the coastal state may only exercise its criminal jurisdiction as regards the arrest of any person or the investigation of any matter connected with a crime committed on board ship in defined situations. These are cited in Article 27(1) of the 1982 Convention, reaffirming Article 19(1) of the 1958 Convention. (1) if the consequences of the crime extend to the coastal state. 2) if the crime is of a kind likely to disturb the peace of the coastal state (3) if the assistance of the local authorities has been requested (4) if such measures are necessary for the suppression of illicit traffic in drugs. If the ship is travelling through the territorial sea having left internal waters then the coastal state may act in any manner within its laws. Authorities cannot act if the crime was committed before entering the territorial sea and the s hip has not been in internal waters. Article 28 of the 1982 Convention states that coastal states must not divert a foreign ship for the purpose of exercising civil jurisdiction in relation to a person on board ship, nor levy execution against or arrest the ship, unless obligations are involved which were assumed by the ship. Warships and other governmental ships are immune from the sovereignty of the coastal states altogether. 1 What rights of passage, if any, do vessels of other nations enjoy in the territorial sea or internal waters? Internal Waters – there does not exist any right of innocent passage from which the shipping of other states may benefit. The exception to this rule is where the straight baselines enclose as internal waters what had been previous territorial waters. Territorial Sea it is taken as custom that foreign merchant ships may travel unhindered through these zones. It is open to interpretation particularly that the passage must be ‘innocent’. Article 14 of the 1958 Convention said that states must make known dangers in territorial seas, must not hinder innocent passage, and may not impose charges for this passage unless in exchange for services. Passage ceases to be innocent here when it â€Å"is prejudicial to the peace, good order or security of the coastal state. Where passage is not innocent the coastal state may take steps to prevent it and may act to stall any approach to internal waters. Coastal states can temporarily suspend passage where security is threatened or at risk. Developed in the 1982 Convention Article 19(2). A key provision may have altered the burden of proof from coastal stat e to the ship to prove that passage is innocent. You read "Law of the Sea" in category "Law" There is debate over the passage of warships in peacetime however it seems that former key protester Russia has agreed these provisions also cover warships as does the United States. 1 What are the major rights and powers of a coastal state in its EEZ? What rights do other states enjoy there? Development – developed from claims regarding fishing zones. Marks a compromise between those states seeking a 200 mile territorial sea (due to controversy over fishing zones) and those wishing a more restricted system of coastal state power. 1958 Convention reached no agreement on fishing zones and Article 24 does not give exclusive fishing rights in the contiguous zone. Still states have claimed these zones. European Fisheries Convention (1964) provided that the coastal state has exclusive right to fish and jurisdiction in matters of fisheries within 6 miles from baseline of the territorial sea. Between 6-12 miles other parties may fish there providing they had previously. In view of the practice of many states in accepting at one time or another the existence of a 12 mile fishing zone that can be seen as customary international law. [2] 1970 Iceland claimed 50 mile exclusive zone. UK/Germany referred to ICJ and the Court did not answer the question of legality. They held that Iceland’s extension was not binding as no acquiescence. Court emphasised the notion of preferential rights which it regarded as customary international law. 3] Developments took place in 1982 and Article 55 of the Convention provides that the EEZ is an area beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea, subject to the specific legal regime established under the Convention. Legal Situation Today [4] – EEZ starts from the outer limit of the territorial sea but shall not extend beyond 200 nautical miles (Article 57) from the baselines. EEZ would be no more than 188 miles when 12 mile territoria l sea existed. Where distance between neighboring states is less than 400 miles then delimitation becomes necessary. Article 58 establishes rights of other states in the EEZ and are basically the high seas freedom of navigation, over flight and the laying of submarine cables and pipelines. States should have regard in this though for the laws of the coastal state. Article 60(2) provides than in the EEZ the coastal state has jurisdiction to apply customs law and regulations in respect of structures and artificial islands. The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea took the view in the M/V Saiga Case that a coastal state was not competent to apply customs laws in other parts. ICJ declared EEZ to be part of customary law in the Libya/Malta Continental Shelf Case. 1 What is meant by the concept of exclusive flag state jurisdiction of the high seas? On the high seas the maintenance of order has rested upon the concept of the nationality of the ship, and the jurisdiction of the flag state. The flag state will enforce the rules and regulations not only of its own municipal law but of international law also. Ship without a flag is deprived of many benefits and rights. Each state must show reason for allowing a ship to register under its flag and their must exist a genuine link (Article 91, UNCLOS). To prevent people using flags for tax or wage purposes. Lotus case and then the 1958 and 1982 Conventions state clearly that the only authority exerted upon ships on the high seas is that of the flag state. What comprises a genuine link? Issue arose in the Iran-Iraq war with UK/US re-flagging Kuwaiti tankers. Held they did not violate law and the Tribunal held in the M/V Saiga Case that it was to the jurisdiction of the flag state to grant nationality to the ship. Tribunal stated here that ships may sail only under one flag and if they flew more than one were stateless and stateless vessels may be boarded and seized on the high seas. What are the major exceptions to it? (1) Right of visit is where warships are allowed to approach to ascertain the nationality of ships. Does not give a right to board but merely to identify. Warship must be careful as they are liable for damages. May only be undertaken if ship is engaged in piracy, broadcasting, stateless, engaged in slave trading. (2) Piracy is illegal acts committed for private ends which excludes hijacking. Any state may arrest and seize in this case and the courts of that state may decide what action to take regarding the vessel and property subject to the rights of third parties who have acted in good faith. 3) Slave Trade should be prevented in accordance with Article 99 of the 1982 Convention. Every state should take measures and punish the transport of slaves authorised to fly its flag and prevent the use of its flag for such purposes in future. Any slave taking refuge on board any ship is ipso facto free. (4) Unauthorised broadcasting stated in Article 109 of the 1982 Convention. Any person engaged in this can be prosecuted by the flag state of the ship, the state of registry of the installation, the state of which the person is a national or any state where the transmission can be received or where authorised communication is disrupted. 5) Hot Pursuit is a principle designed to ensure that a vessel which has infringed the rules of a coastal state cannot escape punishment by fleeing to the high seas. Coastal state may extend jurisdiction as stated in Article 111 of the 1982 Convention. Pursuit must begin when the ship or one of its boats is in internal waters or territorial sea and may only continue uninterrupted. If the pursuit begins in the contiguous zone then it must violate the rights of protection which the zone was established for. Pursuit must come after a visible demand to stop and can only be done by government vessels. Right to pursuit ceases when the ship enters its own territorial waters of those of a third state. Use of force in this area must be avoided if possible and if necessary be proportional and reasonable. (6) Collisions was overruled from the Lotus Case by the Article 11 of the High Seas Convention. Proceedings may only be taken against the master or other persons in the service of the ship by authorities of either the flag state or the state to which the person is a national. Reaffirmed in Article 97 of the 1982 Convention. 7) Treaty Rights often exist permitting each others warships to exercise certain powers of visit and search as regards vessels flying the flags of the signatories. (8) Pollution by Article 24 of the High Seas Convention. States had a duty to adopt measures as necessary for the conservation of the living resources of the high seas. International Convention relating to Intervention on the High Seas in Cases of Oil Pollution allows ships to act â€Å"as may be necessa ry to prevent, mitigate or eliminate grave and imminent danger to their coastline or related interests from pollution or threat of pollution of the sea by oil. Developed because of the Torrey Canyon incident where UK aircraft bombed a ship spilling oil on UK/French coastline which had run aground. 1982 Convention leaves jurisdiction to the flag state but imposes mandatory minimums. (9) Straddling Stocks. Article 56(1) of the 1982 Convention provides that coastal states have sovereign rights over their EEZs for the purpose of exploiting, conserving and managing fish stocks. These are accompanied by duties as to conservation and managements measures to ensure that the fish stocks are not endangered. Where the stock exists across two EEZs the states must co-ordinate and ensure the conservation and development of such stocks. Definitions 1. Contiguous Zone – and zone near by, adjacent to or neighboring the territorial sea. 2. Internal Waters – deemed to be such parts of the sea as are not either the high seas or relevant zones or the territorial sea, are accordingly classed as appertaining to the land territory of the coastal state. They can be, for example, lakes, rivers, harbours and are waters found on the landward side of the baselines from which the width of the territorial and other zones is measured. 3. EEZ – Exclusive Economic Zone 4. Baselines – the basis for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea. The baseline is the low water mark around the coasts of the state. Traditional principle and emphasised in both 1958 and 1982 Declarations. 5. Delimitation – where states cannot have a territorial sea of 12 miles due to proximity of baselines. ——————————————————————— [1]R v Anderson (1868) the Court of Criminal Appeal in the UK declared that an American national who had committed manslaughter on a British ship in French internal waters was subject to jurisdiction by all three states. Wildenhus Case the US Supreme Court held that American courts had jurisdiction to try a crew member of a Belgian vessel for the murder of another Belgian national when the ship was docked in Jersey. [2] International Court remarked as such in the Fisheries Jurisdiction cases especially since the 1960 Geneva Conference. Stated that â€Å"the extension of that fishing zone up to a 12 mile limit from the baselines appears now to be generally accepted. † [3] Where the state was said to be â€Å"in a situation of special dependence on coastal fisheries. † [4] Provided in Article 55 of the 1982 Convention How to cite Law of the Sea, Essays

Trakasti Transporteri Sample Essay Example For Students

Trakasti Transporteri Sample Essay UVOD:Transporteri SA trakom opste namene su mehanicka prenosila s vucnim elementom za prekrcaj robe SA jednog na drugo ( krajnje ili privremeno ) mesto. U ovom seminarskom radu cemo govoriti O: njihovoj nameni njihovim karakteristikama delovima transportera eventualnim nedostatcima isplativosti brzinama prenosa materijala novijim pogonskim sklopovima koja je traka pogodna za koju vrstu materijala s obzirom na oblik. temperaturu. tezinu I stanju u kojem dolazi na traku 2 We will write a custom essay on Trakasti Transporteri Sample specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now NAMENA:Transporteri SA trakom opste namene prenose materijal ili komadnu robu na horizontalnim ili malo nagnutim trakama koje su ujedno nosivi I vucni delovi transportera. Izvode se kao stacionarni. prenosivi ili prevozni. Trakasti transporteri imaju siroku I raznovrsnu primenu u rudnicima. metalurskoj I hemijskoj industriji. na graCevnim I zemljanim gradilistima. u prehrambenoj industriji. poljoprivredi. skladistima one prometu gde dolazi u obzir I prenosenje komadne robe kao sto su vrece. sanduci. paketi one slicno. U industriji Se upotrebljavaju I kao radna podloga – Trakasti transporteri sluze za male protoke masa I kratke udaljenosti. Te za velike protoke ( 40000 t/h ) I velike daljine prenosa ( 100 kilometer ) . Dugi su do 500 m. reCe do 5 000 m I vise. Osnovna sema trakastog transportera prikazana je na slici 1. Slika 1. Osnovni elementi tranportera SA trakom 1. gornja ( radna. noseca ) strana trake. 2. Donja ( povratna ) . strana trake. 3. slog valjka koji nose traku. 4. Slog valjka na mestu nasipanja ( utovara ) materijala. 5. pogonski dobos . 6. zatezni dobos . 7. zatezni teg. 8. utovarni kos . 9. istovar materijala ( preko cela transportera ) Osnovni I najvazniji deo transporttera SA trakom je beskrajna gumirana traka koja sluzi kao nosac tereta I vucno sredstvo. Traka se vodi preko najmanje dva valjka. jednog pogonskog I drugog zateznog. koji su postavljeni na krajeve nosece strukture. Njihovo osno rastojanje definise transportnu udaljenost. Radna-opterecenja one povratna-neopterecenja grana trake oslanjaju se na odreCeni broj. duz trake pravilno rasporeCenih nosecih valjaka. Pogonsku stanicu koja se sastoji od pogonskog motora. reduktora. pogonskog valjka – dobosa. elementa za zatezanje I slogove nosecih valjaka objedinjuju nosecu strukturu u obliku resetkaste metalne konstrukcije. Ta struktura moze biti stabilna – nepokretna. mobilna-pokretna. ili prenosiva. Osim toga u sastav transportera ulaze utovarni ureCaj SA prijemnim kosem. ureCaj za istovar. ureCaj za ciscenje trake. ureCaj za centriranje trake one razliciti sigurnosni I pomocni ureCaji koji imaju zadatak district attorney zastite traku Doctor of Optometry bilo kakvog ostecenja u toku rada. FUNKCIONALNI ELEMENTI TRANSPORTERAFunkcionalni elementi transportera su elementi ili sklopovi koji se kao konstruktivna ili funkcionalna celina mogu prepoznati kod odreCenog tipa transportnih masina. To su elementi ili sklopovi u obliku trake koja obavlja osnovnu vucno-nosecu funkciju masine I podslop u obliku dobosa kao deo pognskih I zateznih stanica koji. obezbeCuje njihovo normalno funkcionisanje. Ovde se mogu svrstati I podsklopovi koji obezbeCuju I normalan rad masine: slogovi oslonackih I valjaka za voCenje. prijemni kosevi za rasute materijale SA dodavacima I ureCajima za odmeravanje. ureCaj za istovar. odnosno skidanje I ciscenje materijala SA noseceg elementa. ureCaj za kontrolu kretanja I zaustavljanje noseceg elementa I Shining Path. U slucajima kada su u pitanju neke specificnosti materijala koji se transportuje ili odreCene tehnoloske operacije koje se mogu obavitii u toku transportovanj. osnovnoj konstrukciji transportera ddaju Se odgovarajuci specijalni ureCaji I oprema kao sto su ureCaji za izdvajanje feromagnetnih komponenti iz nosive mase. ureCaj za kalibraciju. ureCaj za orijentaciju. ureCaj za brojanje. ureCaj za pretvaranje trake one svi drugi ureCaji koji omogucavaju automatizaciju procesa rada. Kod slicnih tipova mogu Se uociti razlicite koncepcije pojedinih funkcionalnih sklopova. Izbor koncepcije funkcionalnih elemenata zavisi od eksploataciono-tehnickih parametara masine I karakteristika materijala. ELEMETNTI TRAKASTIH TRANSPORTERA: TRAKA Traka je osnovni I najodgovorniji component transportera. Traka treba district attorney bude: a ) gipka B ) district attorney ima dovoljnu jacinu degree Celsius ) district attorney je otporna na habanje I udare Traka se sastoji iz nosecih slojeva ( 1 ) medjusobno spojenih gumiranjem. pri cemu Se na gornjoj radnoj strani trake se postavlja habaju_i sloj ( 2 ) debljine 2 – 6 millimeter zavisno od namjene trake. a sa donje strane ova debljina je 1. 5-2 millimeter Traka je najvazniji I najcesce najskuplji deo trakastog transportera. Traka moze biti Doctor of Optometry tekstila. gume ili polimernih materijala s uloscima kao vucnim elementima ( transporter s mekom trakom ) . od zicanog pletiva ( transporter SA zicanom trakom ) ili od celicnog Lima ( transporter s celicnom trakom ) . Prema obliku nosivih valjaka traka moze biti ravna ili koritasta. Trake su siroke 0. 2 – 2 m ( najvise do 3. 2 m ) . a district attorney Bi Se dostigle mase od 30 000 t/h. sto je potrebno npr. za prenosenje jalovine u rudnicima uglja. potrebne su trake siroke 3 m s brzinama vecim od 5 m/s. Racunska vucna cvrstoca trake s uloscima navodi Se u N/mm sirine trake tako district attorney za gumene trake s uloscima Doctor of Optometry pamuka iznosi 50 – 100 N/mm. Doctor of Optometry poliamidne svile 160 – 630 N/mm. a s uloskom Doctor of Optometry celicne uzadi 1 000 – 6 000 N/mm. Za transportere s vecim uglom nagiba izraCuju Se posebne vrste trak a s nosivom povrsinom razlicitih profila. s poprecnim rebrima ili s naboranim rubovima I pregradama. Ugao nagiba transportera s takvim trakama moze iznositi do 70 °C. dok je s glatkim trakama zavistan Doctor of Optometry vrste transportnog materijala. a iznosi do 28 °C. Dve mekane trake oblikuju neku vrstu zatvorenog zljeba kojim se prenosi materijal. Osim sitnog materijala. trakama Se moze prenositi I komadna roba. Jedna je Doctor of Optometry varijanata transportera s mekanim trakama trakasti transporter SA vucnim uzetom. Traku transportera nose dva vucna celicna uzeta pokretana nezavisnim pogonskim uzetnicima. Takvi transporteri mogu biti dugi 10 – 15 kilometer ( s jednom trakom ) . Ipak se takvi transporteri retko upotrebljavaju zbog glomaznog pogona. kratkog veka trajanja vucnih uzeta ( 3 – 6 mjeseci ) I ogranicene sirine trake ( do 1 200 millimeter ) . .u506f982adefb5215ffc4928083457d01 , .u506f982adefb5215ffc4928083457d01 .postImageUrl , .u506f982adefb5215ffc4928083457d01 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u506f982adefb5215ffc4928083457d01 , .u506f982adefb5215ffc4928083457d01:hover , .u506f982adefb5215ffc4928083457d01:visited , .u506f982adefb5215ffc4928083457d01:active { border:0!important; } .u506f982adefb5215ffc4928083457d01 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u506f982adefb5215ffc4928083457d01 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u506f982adefb5215ffc4928083457d01:active , .u506f982adefb5215ffc4928083457d01:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u506f982adefb5215ffc4928083457d01 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u506f982adefb5215ffc4928083457d01 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u506f982adefb5215ffc4928083457d01 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u506f982adefb5215ffc4928083457d01 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u506f982adefb5215ffc4928083457d01:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u506f982adefb5215ffc4928083457d01 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u506f982adefb5215ffc4928083457d01 .u506f982adefb5215ffc4928083457d01-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u506f982adefb5215ffc4928083457d01:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Key Deer EssaySlika 2. transporter s dve trake a ) za veoma strmi conveyance. B ) za vertikalni conveyance Tekstilne trake Doctor of Optometry svile ili pamuka bez gumene prevlake retko Se upotrebljavaju I to za vrlo lake materijale. npr. u vabrikama cigareta. Najrasprostranjenije su gumene trake. Vucni je component gumene trake ulozak Doctor of Optometry pamuka ili Doctor of Optometry polimernih materijala. Ulozak je prekriven gumenim plocama debljine 1 – 6 millimeter. Gumene trake za velike vucne sile imaju ulozak Doctor of Optometry celicne uzadi. Trake otporne na visoke temperature. kakve se upotrebljavaju u rudnicima I metalurskoj industriji. imaju uloske omota ne sintetickom gumom. poli ( vinil – kloridom ) I sl. 6 Posebni vrste trakastih transportera jesu transporteri s celicnom trakom I sa zicanom trakom. Transporteri sa celicnom trakom imaju beskonacnu valjanu celicnu traku kao nosivi I vucni deo. Prema konstrukciji one delovanju slicni su transporterima s gumenim trakama. Celicne trake izraCuju Se Doctor of Optometry ugljicnog celika ili nerCajuceg celika debljine 0. 4 – 1. 6 millimeter. Spajaju se zavarivanjem do daljina prenosa od 300 m I sirine do 4 m. Traka je oslonjena na drvenu kliznu plocu ili ravne nosive valjke. S opruznim nosivim valjcima moze Se postici blagi koritast oblik trake. Nedostatak im je taj sto traze velike promjene bubnjeva zbog savijanja ( umor materijala I pucanje ) . Da Bi Se smanjila naprezanja na savijanje. promeri bubnjeva su relativno veliki: 1 000 puta debljina trake. Celicne trake dopustaju brzinu do 1. 6 m/s. Vrlo su osetljive na udarce. a upotrebljavaju Se na visim temperaturama. za vrlo abrazivne ili lepljive materijale I ako postoje posebni hemijski ili higijenski zahtevi npr. u prehrambenoj industriji. Da Bi Se udruzila dobra svojstva celika I gume. proizvode se celicne trake s gumenim vulkaniziranim slojem s obje strane. Takve su trake pogodne za velike daljine prenosa. velike visine I teske pogonske uslove. Transporteri sa zicanom trakom imaju trake ispletene Doctor of Optometry celicne ili metalne zice okruglog ili pljosnatog preseka ( slika 3. ) . Trake se mogu tako izraditi district attorney omogucuju horizontalne zavoje transportera. Transporteri sa zicanom trakom upotrebljavaju Se za prenos vrucih I usijanih komadnih materijala I krupnog sipkog materijala. Zbog povrsinske propusnosti zicane trake sluze I za odvodnjavanje. susenje I hlaCenje transportiranog materijala. Specijalne trake – se koriste u uslovima visokih temperatura. To je ravna _eli_na traka Doctor of Optometry ugljeni_nog I nehrdjaju_eg _elika debljine 0. 6 – 1. 2 millimeter. sirine 350 – 800 millimeter. Omogu_ava conveyance pri temperaturama od 100 – 120 C. Dozvoljeni nagib trake 2 – 5. Brzina 1 m/s. nedostatak je veliki pre_nik dobosa koji mora biti 800 – 1200 puta ve_i od debljine trake. Slika: zicane trake transportera UZAJAMNO DEJSTVO NASIPNOG MATERIJALA I TRAKEU toku transportovanja nasipni materijal je relativno nepokretan u odnosu na traku kao noseci component transportera. MeCutim zbog njene elasticnosti u poprecnom I uzduznom pravcu. oblika poprecnog I uzduznog preseka koji definise slog nosecih valjka I njihovog meCusobnog razmaka nasipni materijal u kontinualnom toku izlozen je: 1. poprecnom valjanju 2. uzduznom valjanju 3. udaru komada O valjke 4. udaru komada O traku U toku rada transportera dolazi do munjanja ( valjanja ) materijala zbog promene oblika poprecnog preseka radnog profila I ugiba trake izmeCu dva susedna sloja nosecih valjaka. Na rasponu izmeCu susednih slogova nosecih valjaka traka kao elasticno telo gubi profil I dobija oblik izlomljene linije a’ B degree Celsius d’ . Ugao nagiba boka trake ( ?’ ) izmeCu dva susedna sloga manji je Doctor of Optometry ugla bocnih valjka ( ? ) U slogu. Priblizavanjem slogu valjka ugao ( ?’ ) raste. Traka priblizav ajuci Se radnom profilu sloga vrsi pasivni bocni pritisak na materijal I sabija tabun. Ovo zajedno sa oscilacijama trake dovodi do pokretanja cestica materijala. njihovog premestanja I izlaska na gornju spoljnju slobodnu povrsinu. Ceo proces poznat je cod nazivom bocno valjanje materijala. a najintenzivnije sodium nosecem slogu gde presek profila ima izlomljen oblik. Posle prelaska preko noseceg sloga. make sredine rastojanja izmeCu dva susedna. odvija se suprotan proces. traka se izravnjava. Dolazi do smanjenja bocnog pritiska na materijal. cesce se rasipaju Po povrsini sto je propraceno menjanjem materijala. Pored poprecnog. prilikom prelaska preko noseceg sloga. definise Se I uzduzni profil materijala na traci. 9 Materijal se po uzduznom profilu sabija ako je rastojanje slobodne povrsine materijala manji Doctor of Optometry njegovog podnozja izmeCu susednih slogova. Energija koja se trosi na deformaciju trake I materijala I na njihovo meCusobno trenje raejava Se u vidu toplote I ne moze Se tacno odrediti. MeCutim udeo otpora zbog deformacije trake I valjanjakretanja materijala na njoj u toku transportovanja u ukupnom otporu iznosi 40-70 % . Krupnoca pojedinih komada materijala takoCe utice na ukupan otpor kretanja trake. Zbog ugiba trake izmeCu susednih slogova I njenog deformisanja cod komadom materijala pri nailsku na plug away valjaka nastaje udar. Za male brzine trake posle prvobitnog udara nastaje mirno prevaljivanje komada preko valjka. meCutim kod velikih brzina uzajamno dejstvo komada one trake se isloznjava: komad Se ne prevaljuje preko valjka I ne nastavlja mirno kretanje. Njegov prednji deo. odvaja se Doctor of Optometries trake. a centar mase C pomera Se u pravcu kretanja. To izaziva minute tezine materijala koji raste u toku vremena dostigavsi znacajan intenzitet taj minute vraca komad na traku uzt pojavu udara. Energija udara krupnih komada uvecava otpor kretanja I do 25 % u odnosu na otpor kretanja zbog valjanja iste mase sitnokomadnih materijala. Intenzivno trosenje trake nastaje na mestu prijema-utovara materijala. Ova pojava Se ublazava ako su brzine materijala one trake na mestu kontakta Po pravcu I intenzitetu identicne. Izjednacavanje brzina I usmeravanje toka I materijala. odnosno centriranje zasipa trake. vrsi se pomocu bocnih voCica-usmerivaca. .u23519f11441f8f221db2ea223d3f1a7d , .u23519f11441f8f221db2ea223d3f1a7d .postImageUrl , .u23519f11441f8f221db2ea223d3f1a7d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u23519f11441f8f221db2ea223d3f1a7d , .u23519f11441f8f221db2ea223d3f1a7d:hover , .u23519f11441f8f221db2ea223d3f1a7d:visited , .u23519f11441f8f221db2ea223d3f1a7d:active { border:0!important; } .u23519f11441f8f221db2ea223d3f1a7d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u23519f11441f8f221db2ea223d3f1a7d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u23519f11441f8f221db2ea223d3f1a7d:active , .u23519f11441f8f221db2ea223d3f1a7d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u23519f11441f8f221db2ea223d3f1a7d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u23519f11441f8f221db2ea223d3f1a7d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u23519f11441f8f221db2ea223d3f1a7d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u23519f11441f8f221db2ea223d3f1a7d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u23519f11441f8f221db2ea223d3f1a7d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u23519f11441f8f221db2ea223d3f1a7d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u23519f11441f8f221db2ea223d3f1a7d .u23519f11441f8f221db2ea223d3f1a7d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u23519f11441f8f221db2ea223d3f1a7d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Joseph Bernardin EssayDobosi trakastih transporteraRazlikujemo: pogonske prevojne zatezne otklonske dobose Vrste dobosa kod trakastih transportera Precnik pogonskog dobosa Db: Db = k0 Z. gde je Z = broj nosecih slojeva trake k0 = koeficijent zavisan od vrste materijala noseceg sloja I njegove cvrstoce I iznosi: za tekstilne tkanine za sinteticke tkanine SA Kt do 1500 N/cm za sinteticke tkanine SA Kt do 2000 N/cm za sinteticke tkanine SA Kt do 3000 N/cm k0 = 125-180 k0 = 160-200 k0 = 200-220 k0 = 240-280 Radi pove_anja koeficijenta trenja izmedju trake I dobosa. radna povrsina dobosa Se oblaze drvetom. tekstilnom ili gumenom trakom. plastikom cime Se povecava vek trake one koeficijent trenja I do ? = 0. 45 NOSIVA KONSTRUKCIJA Nosivi valjci. pogonski I natezni bubnjevi Te ako postoje utovarni I istovarni ureCaji montiraju Se na nosivu konstrukciju transportera. Nosiva konstrukcija stacionarnih transportera pricvrscena je na pod ili na most za transportere. a u rudnicima je obicno obesena o spear ili celicnu uzad. Nosiva konstrukcija se moze izraditi tako district attorney Se transporter moze prenositi ili prevoziti. Donji. jalovi deo trake podupire Se dugackim nosivim valjkom. Nosivi valjci su izbalansirani I imaju valjne lezajeve s trajnim podmazivanjem. Na mestima utovara. gde Se nalaze ureCaji za punjenje traka. najcesce se nosivi valjci postavljaju vrlo relish I oblazu SA mekanom gumom district attorney Bi Se ublazili udarci. Veci prenosni kapacitet materijala Se postize ako Se umesto jednog nosivog valjka u slog nosivih valjaka smeste dva do pet kracih nosivih valjaka tako district attorney traka dobije koritast oblik s kutovima nagiba bokova 15 ° – 36 °C. UgraCivanjem okretnog sloga nosivi h valjaka s malim valjcima sa strane ugraCenima svakih 20 – 25 m postize Se potpuno ravan hod trake na ravnim dionicama I tacno voCenje trake zavojima transportera. Promeri nosivih valjaka su 65 – 220 millimeter. Slika 4. presek materijala koji se prenosi na trakastom transporteru. a ) ravna traka. B ) I c ) koritasta traka SA tri I pet nosivih valjaka Povrsina poprecnog preseka materijala na traci menja se sa sirinom trake B. s oblikom trake koji odgovara razmestaju nosivih valjaka u slogu ( slika 4. ) I nasipnim uglom na traci u pokretu. Pretpostavlja se da je presek materijala na ravnoj traci trokut s bazom B = 0. 9 B – 0. 05 m. dad je povrsina preseka: A = B / 2  · B / 2 tan ?1 = b? / 4 sunburn ?1 Nasipni ugao na traci u pokretu ?1 iznosi priblizno 1 / 3 od nasipnog ugla na mirnoj podlozi. Koritasta traka omogucuje vecu povrsinu preseka materijala pa tako I vecu dobavu transportera uz zadanu brzinu I sirinu trake. Buduci district attorney je povrsina preseka materijala proporcionalna kvadratu sirine b. volumenski je protok materijala: Iv = C ( 0. 9 B – 0. 05 m ) ? V a protok mase: Im = C ( 0. 9 B – 0. 05 m ) ? V ? A = 0. 99-0. 5 ( m ) gde je ? nasipna gustoca materijala. 5 brzina kretanja materijala. a C faktor zavistan Doctor of Optometry oblika preseka materijala na traci ( tablica 1. ) . 1Elementi za oslanjanje I centriranje trake Valjci – sprecavaju ugib trake usled vlastite tezine I tezine tereta. Mogude je kretanje trake po glatkoj ravnoj povrsini na maloj duzini. Broj valjaka na jednom oslona_kom mestu iznosi 1 do 5. sto zavisi Doctor of Optometry sirine trake I dubine oluka. Oblici oslonih I povratnih valjaka POGONSKI MEHANIZAM Pogonski mehanizam trakastih transportera sastoji Se Doctor of Optometry motora. reduktora I pogonskog bubnja. 16 Kao pogonski motori sluze kavezni asinhroni motori s reduktorom I spojkom za pokretanje ili kolutni asinhroni motori. Motor one reduktor vezani su na pogonski bubanj SA strane ili su ugraCeni u pogonski bubanj ( elektromotorni bubanj. slika 5. ) Te se sila trenjem prenosi s pogonskog bubanj na traku. Za kratke trake najcesci je pogon s jednim bubnjem. koji moze biti smesten uz glavu ( pogon na istovarnom kraju ) ili na kraju ( pogon U blizini utovarnog mesta ) . Slika 5. Elektromotorni bubanj 1 ) I 2 ) plast bubnja s prevarenom ceonom stijenom. 3 ) nepomicni dio motora. 4 ) reduktor. 5 ) brtvilo za plast. 6 ) brtvilo za motorne osovine. 7 ) prikljucnica dovodnog kabl Dugacki trakasti transporteri imaju pogon s vise pogonskih bubnjeva district attorney Bi Se povecao obuhvatni ugao. a district attorney Bi Se povecao koeficijent trenja izmeCu trake I bubnja. bubanj se prevlaci oblogom Doctor of Optometry gume ili keramickog materijala. Promeri bubnja su 200 – 2 000 millimeter. Slika 6. sile u traci uzduz oboda pogonskog bubnja 17 Pomocu obodne sile Fo. koeficijenta trenja ? izmeCu trake I pogonskog bubnja Te obuhvatnog ugla ? sledeca dva izraza daju velicinu maksimalne ( F1 ) I minimalne ( F2 ) vucne sile u traci ( slika 6. ) Te njihovu razliku: F1 / F2 ? exp ( ? ? ) Fo = F1 – F2 Maksimalna vucna sila u traci F1 merodavna je za proracun ulozaka trake. a odreCuje Se pomocu izraza: F1 = Fo Za tacno odreCivanje pogonske snage potrebno je transporter podeliti na ravne delove. zavoje. mesta utovara I istovara itd†¦ . dad za svaki deo pomocu posebnih koeficijenata trenja izracunati otpor kretanja trake transportera. Zbroj svih pojedinacnih otpora daje ukupni otpor trenja. Taj je nacin nezgodan jer Se racuna s mnogo razlicitih vrednosti koeficijenata trenja. dad Se zato najcesce otpor kretanja izracuna samo pomocu koeficijenta trenja fu. sto je jednostavnije I dovoljno tacno. Otporom trenja obuhvaceni su otpori kretanja gornjeg I donjeg dela trake ( trenje U lezajevima nosivih valjaka. otpor kotrljanja valjaka. trenje zbog naleganja materijala na traku itd†¦ ) . Pomocu ukupnog koeficijenta trenja fu odreCuje se priblizno otpor trenja Fwt iz izraza: Fwt = fu cubic decimeter ( ml g + lm g / V )